Evidence-based Toxicology

Université Johns-Hopkins

À propos de ce cours

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Welcome to the Evidence-based Toxicology (EBT) course. In medicine and healthcare, evidence-based medicine has revolutionized the way that information is evaluated transparently and objectively. Over the past ten years, a movement in North America and Europe has attempted to translate this revolution to the field of toxicology.
The Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT) within the department of Environmental Health and Engineering at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health hosts the first chair for EBT and the secretariat for the EBT Collaboration on both sides of the Atlantic. Based on the Cochrane Collaboration in Evidence-based Medicine, the EBT Collaboration was established at the CAAT to foster the development of a process for quality assurance of new toxicity tests for the assessment of safety in humans and the environment.
Regulatory safety sciences have undergone remarkably little change in the past fifty years. At the same time, our knowledge in the life sciences is doubling about every seven years. Systematic review and related evidence-based approaches are beginning to be adapted by regulatory agencies like the Environment Protection Agency (EPA), the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), and the US National Toxicology Program. They provide transparent, objective, and consistent tools to identify, select, appraise, and extract evidence across studies. 
This course will showcase these emerging efforts and address opportunities and challenges to the expanded use of these tools within toxicology.

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Niveau débutant

Approx. 19 heures pour terminer

Anglais

Sous-titres : Anglais

Enseignants

Évaluation de l'enseignant

4.77/5 (9 notes)

Thomas Hartung

Professor

Environmental Health and Engineering

7,712 étudiants

2 cours

Lena Smirnova

Research Associate

Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing

7,712 étudiants

2 cours

Certificat partageable

Obtenez un Certificat lorsque vous terminez

100 % en ligne

Commencez dès maintenant et apprenez aux horaires qui vous conviennent.

Dates limites flexibles

Réinitialisez les dates limites selon votre disponibilité.

Niveau débutant

Approx. 19 heures pour terminer

Anglais

Sous-titres : Anglais

Offert par

Université Johns-Hopkins

The mission of The Johns Hopkins University is to educate its students and cultivate their capacity for life-long learning, to foster independent and original research, and to bring the benefits of discovery to the world.

Programme du cours : ce que vous apprendrez dans ce cours

Semaine

Semaine 1

2 heures pour terminer

Introduction & Shortcomings of Current Approaches

This module introduces you to the course, outlines the shortcomings of current toxicity testing approaches, and shows how EBT can help to overcome these shortcomings.

2 heures pour terminer

9 vidéos (Total 66 min), 3 lectures, 1 quiz

9 vidéos

Welcome3 min

Introduction to the Course14 min

Introduction5 min

Shortcoming No. 1: Narrative Reviews7 min

Shortcoming No. 2: Bias in Reviews7 min

Shortcoming No. 3: Evidence Writing4 min

Shortcoming No. 4: External Validity10 min

Shortcoming No. 5: Assessing New Methods5 min

Shortcoming No. 6: Inadequate Reporting7 min

3 lectures

Letter to Learners10 min

Course Learning Objectives10 min

Supporting reading10 min

1 exercice pour s'entraîner

Practice Quiz 130 min

Semaine

Semaine 2

3 heures pour terminer

History and Causation

This module explains how evidence-based toxicology originated and describes the driving forces for the initiative. In the second lesson, you will learn how to distinguish between correlation and causation as well as the main problems with drawing conclusions on the basis of correlations. The Bradford Hill criteria are introduced, along with examples for each criterion. You will also learn about mechanistic toxicology and mechanistic validation.

3 heures pour terminer

11 vidéos (Total 138 min), 2 lectures, 1 quiz

11 vidéos

Welcome to Module 21 min

Personal First Exposures to Evidence-Based Medicine21 min

The Start of EBT16 min

The First Conference 2007 to the Start of the EBT Collaboration 201114 min

The Evidence-Based Toxicology Collaboration (EBTC)13 min

Introduction Causation vs. Correlation18 min

The Hill Principles of Epidemiology and their Relation to Toxicology16 min

The Problem of Causation in Toxicology16 min

Biomarker Concept in Mechanistic Toxicology4 min

Mechanistic Validation4 min

The Future of Causation in Complex Systems9 min

2 lectures

Supporting reading10 min

1 exercice pour s'entraîner

Practice Quiz 230 min

Semaine

Semaine 3

3 heures pour terminer

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This module shows how to perform systematic reviews and meta-analyses. You will learn the history of both methods and will receive step-by-step instructions on how to perform systematic reviews and meta-analyses using examples from the research activities of the instructors.

3 heures pour terminer

8 vidéos (Total 101 min), 2 lectures, 2 quiz

8 vidéos

Welcome to Module 33 min

Systematic Reviews: Definition and Principles26 min

Systematic Reviews - Protocol Development15 min

Systematic Reviews - Protocol Development (Part 2)19 min

History5 min

Meta-analysis Guidelines7 min

Meta-analysis Protocol, Part 110 min

Meta-analysis Protocol, Part 212 min

2 lectures

Supporting reading10 min

2 exercices pour s'entraîner

Practice Quiz 330 min

Mid-course exam30 min

Semaine

Semaine 4

2 heures pour terminer

Risk of Bias & Application to Test Methods Comparison

This module teaches you about possible biases that can be introduced at different stages of research. Each bias is explained with examples, including solutions for overcoming those biases. The second lesson covers systematic review of the zebrafish embryotoxicity test as a case study conducted by the Evidence-based Toxicology Collaboration (EBTC). You will go through all of the steps of the systematic review again to imprint the knowledge from module 3, but this systematic review will be related to a toxicological method.

2 heures pour terminer

8 vidéos (Total 94 min), 2 lectures, 1 quiz

8 vidéos

Welcome to Module 43 min

Introduction to Risk of Bias Concept in Critical Appraisal of Studies26 min

Examples for Risk of Bias Tools 1: Cochrane Collboration4 min

Examples for Risk of Bias Tools 2: SYRCLE's RoB Tool5 min

Examples of Risk of Bias Tools 3: National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) - OHAT12 min

Quality Assessment in Evidence-Based Toxicology7 min

Evidence-Based Toxicology (EBT) and Evidence-Based Toxicology Collaboration (EBTC)11 min

Zebrafish Systematic Review22 min

2 lectures

Supporting reading10 min

1 exercice pour s'entraîner

Practice Quiz 410 min

Semaine

Semaine 5

3 heures pour terminer

Quality Assurance, Good Practices, and Validation

Quality control is a very important aspect of not only modern toxicology but the entirety of life sciences. The first lesson in this module demonstrates the importance of performing quality control on your experiments. The second lesson is connected with the first one because validation of an alternative method requires highly standardized protocols and quality control at each step. This lesson teaches you different aspects of alternatives methods validation, how to perform classical validation, its pitfalls, and strategies to overcome them.

3 heures pour terminer

10 vidéos (Total 140 min), 2 lectures, 1 quiz

10 vidéos

Welcome to Module 52 min

The Concepts of Quality Assurance (QA) and Good Practice (GP)14 min

Good Practice22 min

Quality Assurance12 min

Importance of GP and QA in EBT5 min

The Evolution of Validation of Alternative Methods29 min

The Traditional Validation Process26 min

Example of a Validation Study: Skin Irritation9 min

Developments in the Validation Area6 min

Validation and Tox-21c/EBT11 min

2 lectures

Supporting reading10 min

1 exercice pour s'entraîner

Practice Quiz 530 min

Semaine

Semaine 6

3 heures pour terminer

Biometrical Tools & Future Perspectives

Evidence-based toxicology requires some knowledge of bioinformatics. The first lesson in the module teaches you some biostatistical tools you can apply when analyzing predectivity, specificity, and sensitivity of a method. You will also learn how to identify biases in a study with the help of bioinformatics. Evidence-based principles can be applied to every question you might have, even to which pizza to order tonight. You will learn the difference between eminence-based vs. evidence-based approaches. You will learn what is driving the lack of reproducibility and how evidence-based approaches should help to overcome the reproducibility crisis in science, which is explained with examples of experimental design, wrong models, poor quality of the cell cultures, etc.

3 heures pour terminer

8 vidéos (Total 98 min), 1 lecture, 2 quiz

8 vidéos

Welcome to Module 64 min

Why We Need Biometry/Statistics in Evidence-Based Toxicology9 min

Statistics and Bioinformatics Applied in Evidence-Based Approaches I11 min

Statistics and Bioinformatics Applied in Evidence-Based Approaches II18 min

Risk and Bias and Its Impact on Evidence-Based Approaches12 min

Evidence-Based Is a More Rigorous Scientific Approach to Anything4 min

The Reproducibility Crisis in Science25 min

Where Is Evidence-Based Toxicology (EBT) and What Are The Next Steps?11 min

1 lecture

Supporting reading10 min

2 exercices pour s'entraîner

Practice quiz 630 min

Final exam30 min

Semaine

Semaine 7

2 heures pour terminer

Summative Assessment - Systematic Review Assignment

The final week of the course is devoted to completing the Systematic Review Assignment. You will use SysRev to review at least 20 abstracts, apply inclusion and exclusion criteria, render decisions, and resolve conflicts with other reviewers.

2 heures pour terminer

1 lecture

1 lecture

Systematic Review Assignment Instructions1h 30min

1 exercice pour s'entraîner

Systematic Review Assignment Results30 min

Foire Aux Questions

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Evidence-based Toxicology