《杏林探宝——认知中药》是由上海中医药大学推出的一门关于中药学的慕课课程，由上海中医药大学杨柏灿教授主讲。 上海中医药大学（Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine）的前身是上海中医学院，创建于1956年，是新中国诞生后国家首批建立的四所中医药高等院校之一，也是上海市属高校中唯一的一所医科类重点特色院校。 中药学根植于中华文化，是中医药学的重要组成部分，也凝聚着中华文明的精髓。其悠久的历史，卓越的防病治病效果，较少的毒副作用，成为中华民族防病治病不可或缺的选择。同时，中药的作用也日益引起国际社会的关注和重视。但不可否认，对中药的认识和应用存在着一些不容忽视的误区与盲区，非常有必要采取一定的方式，通过合适的平台传播、普及中药知识，使人们对中药有一个更为全面准确的认识，并能合理应用，让中药为人类的健康保健发挥更大的作用。
4-1-2 部分常用祛邪类药食两用品（二）
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En provenance du cours de Shanghai Jiao Tong University
杏林探宝——认知中药
112 notes
À partir de la leçon
名贵药材在疾病防治中的地位
从药食同源的理论引入药食两用品的概念、种类、范围、适用范围及应用形式、应用原则，重点举例介绍个别药物的主要功用、特点、应用范围等。
介绍药物：生姜、牛蒡子、桑叶、白芷、葛根、鱼腥草、山楂、陈皮、薏苡仁、莲子、枸杞子、地骨皮等。
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杨柏灿教授，博士生导师
上海中医药大学中药学教研室
We've learned two pathogen-removing herbs that can be used for both food and medicine.
Now let's move on.
First, I'd like to talk about
another one for both food and medicine:
Sang Ye (Folium Mori).
Actually Sang (the mulberry)
is a real treasure.
Its leaves are called Sang Ye,
its root bark is called Sang Bai Pi (Cortex Mori),
it twig is called Sang Zhi (Ramulus Mori),
and its fruit is called Sang Shen (Fructus Mori).
All these are of great medicinal value.
Here
we'll mainly introduce Sang Ye.
In Chinese medicine,
Sang Ye falls under the category of
wind-removing and heat-clearing type.
In this sense,
it can
undoubtedly release the exterior.
However,
it is not pungent,
but sweet and bitter in flavor,
and cold in property.
We know that sweet and cold moisten,
and bitter and cold clear.
That's why it was classified as a exterior-releasing herb.
I'd like to summarize the functions of Sang Ye
into four words:
dispersing, dissipating, clearing and moistening.
It is mainly used to treat problems
of the lung and liver.
First, let's take a look at
its function on the lung.
It can be used to
treat the lung in two aspects.
First,
since it can
remove wind and
clear heat,
it shares similar function
with Niu Bang Zi (Fructus Arctii) we have learned
in the tretment of common cold due to wind cold
and early stage of febrile diseases.
I'd like to clarify that
Sang Ye can release the exterior
although the effect in this regard is not so strong.
This is the first aspect.
The second aspect
in the treatment of lung problems is
to stop coughing.
This is one of its major functions:
it has good effect in stopping cough.
Even when it's used
to clear heat and dispel wind,
it's used more when patients
also experience cough.
Speaking of which,
it's almost a specific herb for cough
through multiple means.
First, it can dispel wind
and clear heat
and can therefore disperse the lung and stop coughing
in externally contracted conditions,
including cough due to
common cold.
Sang Ye can be used for
all kinds of cough in an exterior syndrome,
such as wind cold,
wind-heat
or autumn dryness.
Of course it's best indicated for cough
in common cold related to heat or dryness.
The second aspect:
since it is bitter in flavor and cold in property,
it can clear heat.
In addition, it enters the lung meridian
and can therefore be used to
clear lung heat and stop coughing, i.e.,
it's indicated for cough due to lung heat,
For exampke, cough with phlegm,
yellow
sticky phlegm
can be treated with Sang Ye.
The third aspect: it is sweet and cold
and can therefore moisten.
What does it moisten? It enters the lung meridian
and can therefore moisten the lung and stop coughing.
Moist is opposite to dryness.
Cough here often refers to
unproductive cough.
The characteristics of Sang Ye in treating unproductive cough
is that it can be used to treat external dryness,
such as dry cough in autumn
or unproductive cough
due to lung yin deficiency.
It can also moisten the lung and stop coughing.
Consequently Sang Ye has remarkable effect on cough.
It is frequently used to stop coughing because
it can disperse, clear and moisten the lung.
Additionally, you can use a large dose
from 15 g to 30 g.
This is its first function on
the lung, manifesting as
releasing the exterior and stopping cough.
The second major application of Sang Ye is for the liver.
This also manifests in
two aspects.
One is that it soothes liver yang.
Since it soothes liver yang,
it can be used to treat
hyperactivity of liver yang.
Sang Ye is effective for
headache and vertigo
due to hyperactivity of liver yang.
Its second function on the liver is to
improve the eyesight.
Compared with soothing liver yang,
it's more often used to benefit eyes.
We know that
in Chinese medicine,
eyes are associated with the liver
since the liver opens into the eyes.
Ascending of liver fire
may cause redness, swelling and pain of the eyes.
In this case, we need to clear liver fire.
Sang Ye enters the liver meridian
and it is also bitter in flavor and cold in property,
so it can clear liver fire and benefit the eyes.
The second aspect:
when we say 'the liver opens into the eyes',
we also mean liver blood or liver yin nourishes the eyes.
Deficiency of liver blood
or liver yin
may cause malnourishment of the eyes,
leading to deficiency eye problems,
such as blurred vision,
cataract,
senile cataract.
We've mentioned that Sang Ye is sweet and cold
and enters the liver meridian,
so it can nourish liver yin and benefit the eyes.
It can therefore be used to treat
deficient eye conditions due to liver yin deficiency.
So in summary,
for liver problems,
Sang Ye can soothe the liver and can be used to treat vertigo due to hyperactivity of liver yang;
it benefits the eyes and can be
used for eye problems
in either excess or deficiency syndrome.
Generally speaking,
Sang Ye
has no adverse reactions.
We can use
a large dose
betwen 10 and 30 g.
So much for Sang Ye.
Next, I'd like to talk about
another pathogen-removing herb that can be used for both food and medicine
Bai Zhi (Radix Angelicae Dahuricae).
This herb also falls under the
category of cold-dissipating and wind-removing herbs.
Actually it's
of great value in our daily life.
For example, when preserving snake in wine,
you can use Bai Zhi to
remove turbidity and abnormal odor.
In addition, around the dragon boat festival,
many people wear
a sachet,
which
contains fragrant herbs,
including Bai Zhi.
Zhi means
the root of grass.
So we make sachets
using Bai Zhi
and Ai Ye (mugwort leaf)
and wear them
for disease prevention and treatment.
This is how we use Bai Zhi in our life.
We've mentioned
Bai Zhi can remove wind and dissipate cold.
In terms of property,
it is fragrant,
pungnet and warm,
and mainly acts on the lung and stomach.
I'd like to summarize the application
of Bai Zhi into two aspects.
From its flavor,
it is fragrant.
From its application,
Bai Zhi is extensively used
in clinical practice.
It can be used
in all clinical subspecialties,
including internal medicine, external medicine, pediatrics,
ENT and dermatology.
Let's take a look.
First, since it can remove wind
and dissipate cold,
it can release the exterior,
which
is called remove wind and release the exterior.
Actually its effect in dissipating cold and removing wind
is not very strong
but it can also release the exterior.
What's the characteristic?
Other than releasing the exterior,
it is fragrant,
ascending and dispersing,
and therefore it can open
noses
and at the same time,
alleviate pain.
As a result,
it's not commonly used for
wind-cold exterior syndrome.
However, it is very effective
for wind-cold exterior syndrome
coupled with
nasal obstruction and headache.
So when we say it can release the exterior,
it's mainly used for headache
and nasal obstruction due to wind-cold exterior syndrome.
This is its second function.
I've mentioned that it
opens the noses.
We say Bai Zhi
is mainly used for nasal problems.
We can also say,
Bai Zhi is a special herb
for nasal problems,
such as nasal bleeding
or nasal obstruction.
In modern medicine,
Bai Zhi can be used for allergic rhinitis,
nasal sinusitis
and accessory sinusitis.
In other words,
it's specially used for nasal problems.
This is the second aspect.
Thirdly, we've mentioned
Bai Zhi has very good pain-relief effect.
But it mainly
dissipates cold and alleviates pain.
Therefore it's mainly
used for cold pain,
especially cold pain
in the head and face.
We've mentioned
pain like
frontal headache,
supra-orbital pain,
toothache
can all be treated with Bai Zhi.
In addition, it can be used for rheumatic joint pain (related to wind and dampness in Chinese medicine).
This is its third function.
We've mentioned that
Bai Zhi can be used to treat common cold or pain
that are mainly associated with internal medicine and pediatrics.
Also, it's a special herb for nasal problems
that are related to ENT.
Its next function is about
gynecological conditions.
It can dry dampness and
relieve leucorrhea.
In Chinese medicine,
leucorrhea is one of the major four
gynecological conditions...
menstruation, leucorrhea, pregnancy and childbirth.
In Chinese medicine,
leucorrhea is caused by
dampness, i.e.,
dampness is the main contributing factor
of leucorrhea.
To treat leucorrhea,
you need to resolve dampness.
How?
The most direct and effective method is to
dry dampness.
Bai Zhi is fragrant, warm and dry
and can dry dampness and stop leucorrhea.
So it can be mainly used in
gynecological department
for leucorrhea.
Its last function
is about the external and dermatological conditions,
because it can resolve swelling
and drain pus in sores or ulcers.
In Chinese medicine,
sores or ulcers are often classified into
initial, middle and late stages.
During the initial stage,
patients often present with local redness, swelling and burning pain.
We can use Bai Zhi
to resolve swelling and alleviate pain.
We can also combine with herbs
that can clear heat and remove toxins.
During the middle stage
when pus has been formed,
the treatment principle is
to drain the pus
and remove toxins.
Bai Zhi can help to drain pus.
In this stage, we can combine with herbs that
can clear heat, remove toxins,
circulate blood and resolve stasis.
Bai Zhi cannot help with
wound healing in the late stage.
So Bai Zhi is used to resolve swelling
and drain pus during initial and
middle stages of sores or ulcers.
It can be seen that Bai Zhi
can be used in internal medicine, pediatrics,
gynecology, ENT, external medicine
and dermatology.
Consequently, Bai Zhi has
extensive use in clinical practice.
In this class,
I've mainly introduced two herbs:
one is Sang Ye for the liver and lung;
and other is Bai Zhi for extensive clincal application.
So much for this class.
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