Thermoregulation and Cardiovascular

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En provenance du cours de University of Florida

The Science of Training Young Athletes

179 notes

University of Florida

The Science of Training Young Athletes

179 notes

Seventy percent of kids drop out of sports before their high school graduation. Only 15% leave because they feel they are not good enough. Almost 70% leave because they were not having fun, or due to problems with the coach. Injuries cause 30% to give up sports. This course is packed full of practical sports science information that provide youth coaches and parents with the practical pediatric sports science insights to successfully retain young athletes and develop their sport potential while avoiding injury and overtraining. We begin by examining the multidimensional nature of coaching, the relevant sport motor performance abilities, the impact of growth and development on motor skills, the gene versus practice controversy, and briefly overview the body structures strengthened through training. Then we explore the athlete's energy supply, where this energy comes from, and how it matures along with the athlete. Finally, we examine the development of strength, power, anaerobic capacity, coordination and flexibility through the life span. The optional text manual for this course is available at: http://www.learnitez.com/HighPerformanceScience/manuals/

À partir de la leçon

Week 1: Introduction to the young athlete

Youth coaches who have a sound understanding of pediatric sports science are essential to the successful development of a young athlete’s sport potential. In this section you are introduced to the multidimensional nature of coaching, and how an athlete’s motor abilities of endurance, strength, speed, coordination and flexibility are affected by growth and maturation.The optional text manual for this course is available at: http://www.learnitez.com/HighPerformanceScience/manuals/

Part 1 - Introduction to growth and maturation5:45

Part 2 - Growth vs. maturation6:12

Part 3 - Gender and puberty4:09

Neurological Development5:09

Thermoregulation and Cardiovascular4:00

Ventilation2:46

Part 5- Key points of growth and maturation2:49

Additional Insights: Educational Opportunities of Sport Organizations (Terry Crawford)9:05

Rencontrer les enseignants

Dr. Chris Brooks
Instructor
Coaching Science Coordinator for USA Track and Field

Okay, so now let's turn to thermoregulation.

Compared with the mature adult, younger children generate more heat

per kilogram of body mass when they're exercising.

And for this reason,

the child's thermoregulatory apparatus is under greater stress during exercise.

Taking into account their smaller size,

children have a higher density of active sweat glands.

But each gland produces two and a half times less sweat than it does for

the older athlete.

Sweating also begins in a higher core temperature in children.

And given these differences,

here are some key points to consider when you're training children.

First, children cannot sustain activity for as long as the immature athlete.

Whenever the environmental temperature exceeds 40 degrees centigrade.

Children also have a lower tolerance for swimming in cold water.

Second, children are slow to acclimatize to both hot or cold climates.

Third, dehydrated children are at risk of heat stroke and

other heat related illnesses during hot weather.

And when training children in hot weather encourage water replacement

every 15 to 20 minutes.

And point number four, children wearing protective Swatch

clothing are special risk of heat related illnesses.

So pay special attention to this when you're training children.

Now let's move to the cardiovascular responses.

Differences between the mature athlete and

children are largely due to a child's smaller body size.

The important variables to include are heart rate,

which is the number of beats per minute.

The stroke volume which is the amount of blood pumped from the heart each beat.

Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped out of the heart per minute and

the blood pressure is the other variable to consider.

Heart rate times stroke volume equals cardiac output.

And this is a fairly common equation that you'll see in sports science.

A heart and total blood volume of a child is smaller than that of a mature athlete

and this results in a lower stroke volume at all levels of exercise.

But to compensate for this, the child's heart beat is much faster,

30 to 40 times faster in fact that any given

level of exercise with compare to the mature athlete.

Next among heart rate in children under 10

years of age can exceed to 210 beats per minute.

In the average 20 year old has a maximum heart rate of approximately

195 beats per minute.

Maximum heart rate declines with age and there's independent agenda or

level of training.

The maximal cardiac output, which remember,

is the amount of blood pumped out of the heart per minute of healthy children

reaches three to four times it's resting value during exercise.

A mature athlete, on the other hand, can reach seven times their resting value.

Most of the increases in cardiac output is due to the heart rate in all athletes,

in depend on age.

In very young children blood pressure is lower than the mature

athlete at all levels of exercise.

And because of this, the cardiac output is lower.

And this is not considered neither beneficial or detrimental to the child.

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