Part 4 - Aerobic capacity of young athletes

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En provenance du cours de University of Florida

The Science of Training Young Athletes

192 notes

University of Florida

The Science of Training Young Athletes

192 notes

Seventy percent of kids drop out of sports before their high school graduation. Only 15% leave because they feel they are not good enough. Almost 70% leave because they were not having fun, or due to problems with the coach. Injuries cause 30% to give up sports. This course is packed full of practical sports science information that provide youth coaches and parents with the practical pediatric sports science insights to successfully retain young athletes and develop their sport potential while avoiding injury and overtraining. We begin by examining the multidimensional nature of coaching, the relevant sport motor performance abilities, the impact of growth and development on motor skills, the gene versus practice controversy, and briefly overview the body structures strengthened through training. Then we explore the athlete's energy supply, where this energy comes from, and how it matures along with the athlete. Finally, we examine the development of strength, power, anaerobic capacity, coordination and flexibility through the life span. The optional text manual for this course is available at: http://www.learnitez.com/HighPerformanceScience/manuals/

À partir de la leçon

Week 4: Enhancing the athlete’s physical work capacity

The level of expertise with which an athlete is able to perform sports skill depends on how well the coach molds the correct ratio of endurance, strength, power and speed to meet the demands of the sport. In this section you will learn the science behind developing these important motor performance abilities as the young athlete moves through puberty.

Part 1 - Introduction to aerobic capacity4:52

Part 2 - The VO2max test5:54

Part 3 - Comparing the VO2max of athletes6:05

Part 4 - Aerobic capacity of young athletes5:14

Part 5 - Relative VO2max of trained vs untrained children5:30

Part 6 - The child's economy3:36

Part 7 - Key points of aerobic capacity2:33

Rencontrer les enseignants

Dr. Chris Brooks
Instructor
Coaching Science Coordinator for USA Track and Field

We're going to talk about the aerobic capacity of a young athlete.

As the child grows, the components determining the O2 max,

there's their lungs and the heart and skeletal muscle, also grow.

Consequently, absolute values of maximal aerobic power increases.

Here are the VO2 max course for males and females.

Once again boys are on blue and girls are in pink.

The VO2 max of both boys and girls is at the same level

its 6 years of age, and between 6 to 12 years.

Both of the boys and girls increased their VO2 mags at a fairly steady rate,

reflecting the prepubescent growth of the VO2 mag structures.

Then at around 12 years of age notice the rapid increase in

the VO2 max of boys is they quickly outstrip the girls.

Also note how the VO2 max of the girls plateaus at about 14 years of age.

To explain this gender difference in VO2 max we have to remember that VO2 max

represents the maximum amount of oxygen the active lean tissue is consuming.

As boys grow they develop more active lean tissue than girls do.

So some of the difference between the VO2 max of boys and

girls Is due to growth of muscle tissue.

Testosterone also plays a role in increasing the male lean body mass.

Girls, on the other hand,

stop developing significant muscle mass at around 14 years of age.

And their additional weight is due to fat mass rather than lean body mass.

The additional fat mass doesn't contribute to VO2 max.

And this explains the plateau and decline as the female gets older.

Also remember that a bigger child of either gender will usually have more

muscle and therefore are larger the VO2 max regardless of age.

Between eight to 16 years, boys can have an average

yearly increase and peak VO2 of around 11%.

For girls, the growth in VO2 max increases by

almost 12% per year between 8 to 13 years.

At age 14, the difference between boys and girls is around 25%.

And by age 16, the difference can be up to 50%.

Now these data are for all children and are not specific to trained children.

We are going to address trained children shortly.

So if we look at the aerobic capacity from a relative

rather than absolute perspective, we see an interesting picture emerging.

Remember, now we're looking at VO2 max in terms of the amount of

oxygen consumed per kilogram of body weight per minute.

VO2 max is relatively stable in males throughout childhood and

adolescence as is indicated by the flat VO2 max line.

In females, you see a decrease in VO2 max after about age 10, and

this is probably due to the increasing ratio of fat mass for females.

As females mature, they carry more fat mass, and

since the measure of VO2 max does not account for

this it probably explains some of the decrease in the aerobic capacity of girls.

When the influence of body fat is removed, the difference between boys and

girls remains but it is much less pronounced as you can see here.

The VO2 max value for boys remains constant

until around 16.5 years and continues to

decrease by 6% by the age 21.5 years.

And girls they decline stats at age 14.5 years and

continues to decline an additional 15% by the time they reach age 21.

Now, these data suggest that when considering the aerobic

capacity of the muscle fiber for both boys and

girls, they both lose relative aerobic capacity as they age.

And since these data are for untrained children, one explanation for

this phenomenon is that both genders become less active as they age.

However because boys maintain a higher level of activity than girls through

puberty and beyond, they lose less of their aerobic capacity.

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