Files and File Systems

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En provenance du cours de Google

Technical Support Fundamentals

6129 notes

Google

Technical Support Fundamentals

6129 notes

Cours 1 sur 5 dans Specialization Google IT Support Professional Certificate

In this course, you’ll be introduced to the world of Information Technology, or IT. This course is the first of a series that aims to prepare you for a role as an entry-level IT Support Specialist. You’ll learn about the different facets of Information Technology, like computer hardware, the Internet, computer software, and job-related skills. You’ll also learn about the history of computers, and the pioneers who shaped the world of computing that we know today. This course covers a wide variety of topics in IT that are designed to give you an overview of what’s to come in this IT Support Professional Certificate. By the end of this course, you’ll be able to: - understand how the binary system works. - assemble a computer from scratch. - choose and install an operating system on a computer. - understand what the Internet is, how it works, and the impact it has in the modern world. - learn how applications are created and how they work under the hood of our computer. - utilize common problem-solving methodologies and soft skills in an Information Technology setting. Except as otherwise noted, the contents on this site are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

À partir de la leçon

Operating System

In the third week of this course, we'll learn about operating systems. We'll discuss the common operating systems that are used today and understand how they work with the computer hardware. We'll learn about the "boot process" of an operating system and show you how to install Windows, Linux and Mac OSX operating systems from scratch. By the end of this module, you'll use the Qwiklabs environment to interact directly with the Windows and Linux operating systems.

Module Introduction2:48

Components of an Operating System6:18

Files and File Systems3:58

Process Management2:48

Memory Management2:03

I/O Management2:17

Interacting with the OS: User Space3:38

The Boot Process2:26

Cindy Drive & Career Path1:34

Rencontrer les enseignants

Google

Imagine if you had to store a single file in a cabinet.

That's not so bad, right?

What if, instead of one file, you had to store 100,000?

Can you see a problem here?

Well, on our computers,

we can easily store hundreds of thousands of files, if not more.

Problem solved?

Not quite, we have to be able to keep track of all these files.

The kernel handles file storage and file systems on our machines.

And in this lesson, we're going to dig a little deeper on how it does that.

There are three main components to handling files on an OS,

the file data, metadata, and file system.

Let's start with the file system.

When we have a brand new hard disk that we want to store data on,

we need to erase and configure the disk.

This way our operating system can read and write data to it.

This is important, since it's how our operating system keeps track of files.

So it must know what kind of file system is used.

There are lot of file systems, and they're used for different purposes.

Some file systems support the storage of large amounts of data,

others only support small amounts.

They can operate at different speeds,

and have varying resiliency towards file corruption, and so on.

We won't get into which file system is best.

That's for you to decide.

But the major OS manufacturers have their own unique file systems that they

recommend.

For Windows, the major file system that's used is NTFS.

It was introduced in the previous version of Windows OS, Windows NT.

And it includes many features, like encryption, faster access speeds,

security, and more.

Microsoft is developing another file system called ReFS, but

it isn't quite ready for consumer use just yet.

If you're interested in learning more,

you can read more about it in the next supplemental reading.

For Mac OS, the default file system is HFS+.

It's journaled,

which means it does a better job at saving your disk state in case of a failure.

This is a feature on other types of file systems, like NTFS.

For Linux, different distributions will use different file system types.

A standard for file systems for

Linux is ext4, which is compatible with older ext file systems.

In general, different file system types don't play nicely with each other.

You might not be able to easily move files across different file systems,

depending on the file system type.

A good guideline to use is just to use the file system

that your operating system recommends.

You can read more about the different types of file systems

in the supplemental reading.

Another important part of file management is the storage of actual file data.

We write data to our hard drive in the form of data blocks.

When we save something to our hard disks, it doesn't always sit in one piece.

It can be broken down into many pieces and written to different parts of the disk.

Block storage improves faster handling of data

because the data isn't stored on one long piece and it can be accessed quicker.

It's also better for utilizing storage space.

Lastly, we need to keep the metadata that contains the information about our file.

There's a lot of information about our file that we want to know,

like who created it, when it was last modified, who has access to it, and so on.

The file metadata tells us everything we need to know about our file.

It also tells us what type of file it is.

A file extension is the appended part of a filename that tells us

what type of file it is in certain operating systems.

Take cool_image.jpeg.

Jpeg is a file extension associated with image files.

You'll see different types of file extensions like this

when you're working with your operating system.

A working knowledge of file systems and the differences between them is a great

skill to have in your IT support specialist toolbox.

It can be super useful when you need to do things like recover data from

damaged disks.

Or explore ways to boot from two different kinds of operating systems,

like Windows and Linux, on the same computer.

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