[MUSIC]
Welcome back to this lesson about how to use GIS,
Graphic Information System and a land use to study rural metabolic patterns.
The second session will be about the participatory integrated mapping
of land uses.
So the goal of the session it is to show an example of how to produce primary
spatial information with participatory methods useful for the MuSIASEM analysis.
We will list the steps undertaken to create a map that establishes external
constraints useful for making a diagnosis, and
simulate possible scenarios of development.
So at the end of the session, I will show the diagrams,
the whole thing, the information can include into the diagrams
that I explain in the previous session.
Gathering information for the geographical analysis,
we could do it using primary information gathered by ourselves.
For example with participatory mapping.
Participatory mapping, it is very interesting, because it is very
relevant to check the perception of the affected actors of their own territory.
As local inhabitants, they can provide you also with
information that otherwise you would not be able to get somewhere else.
And it is also important to check what they consider the problems of their
territory.
On the main aspect of the territory not to tell them what is their problems but to
listen to them and check how they consider their territory and their problems.
So for a particpatory mapping focus groups are recommended,
because you will obtain different information
from different people within your system,
within your community or the area that you're analyzing.
And in order to create a primary information for
the geographical analysis, it's also very useful to use GPS for samples.
GPS are nowadays very affordable,
are quite cheap machines that, they are quite easy to use.
And you can trend a little bit the related, the villages and
they themselves can go through that territory and
check where the geographical features that are important,
all the borders or the rivers, etc., etc., that you require.
Okay, so what do we do with this information?
We can get For example the participatory mapping,
participative sketch map is called.
I am using this example of one case study I was doing in the rain
forest with some peasant communities.
So this is the resulting map, what is the perception of
the arrangement of the different locations of the main things,
the main geographical features that were in the territory.
Using this, later on I can translate it and
take it to a geo reference coordinates and
put this into geographic information system into the digital,
into the software that I will use to create the rest of the map.
So, I will geo-reference this information
using the GPS or other available maps or
geographic information to put this into
the real coordinates that are, for example,
seeing the limits of this rural community.
Then, once I get this, I put the other outliers of information that I have,
for example rivers or municipality borders, etc.
And I could use also area photography, ortophotomaps they are called,
to check and draw all the geographical features.
For example, where the villages are, or where some other things are.
You can recognize them through the pictures, through the photos
that planes or satellites are recognizing of this terrain.
Then, I can get with the GPS some other information.
For example, pathways, plots, households, water sources and
draw these into the map to the GIS software that I'm producing and
to the map that I'm creating.
And I can get a final map with all the information useful to
start making a diagnosis of this territory, of this system.
This is an example.
This example in this case study I was studying many years ago.
We decided to also apart from analyze the current situation,
try to simulate some future scenarios of possible development.
And we use the maps, these maps,
to know what are the external constraints for these external scenarios.
So for example, I wanted to know how much cardamom
crop could be grown in this territory,
in this recommended that I was studying.
So for that purpose I had to get the restraints for growing cardamom.
One of the constraints could be the altitude, because cardamom only
grows at high altitudes, within 600 and 1,500 meters height.
So, I select here in the map only the areas
that are pertaining to that certain altitude.
I can also get the slopes, because you cannot
grow cardamom when the plots are too steep terrain.
So I just get the parts that are, I exclude the parts that are too steep for
growing cardamom with this map.
Then I get a final amount of hectares that I can use
in my territory to grow cardamom.
With this amount of hectares,
with this amount of surface I can use the diagrams that I was
showing before to change the path of the agroecosystem.
And know how many hectares of cardamoms I can expand to this rural community.
It happens that in this scenario,
cardamom was relayed, the surface was more than enough.
So It would become a mono culture for
this community if we can grow as much as we want.
So that means that everything would change in this example.
This community, if they're growing only cardamom,
then there would be a lot of production,
of cultural commodities for the market.
They would get a lot of money, but
they would also require a lot of investment for the inputs of the cardamom.
And they won't be able to grow their own food as they were doing before.
And this is impacting very highly on the commodity, because they will
have to buy all the food from abroad, from outside of the community.
And that means that the money obtained from the cardamom is not
enough to pay all the food and all their expenses that they have.
So this scenario probably is not a good idea in this case.