1.2 De la recherche en laboratoire à la décision de créer une entreprise innovante

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En provenance du cours de École Polytechnique

Créer et développer une startup technologique

238 notes

École Polytechnique

Créer et développer une startup technologique

238 notes

Ce cours vous permettra d’identifier et d’évaluer des opportunités de création d’entreprises technologiques et d’en comprendre les principaux enjeux humains, techniques, commerciaux, environnementaux et financiers. Vous aurez ainsi des bases solides pour créer votre entreprise high tech ou décider d'en rejoindre une. Décider de créer ou de rejoindre une entreprise technologique dans ses premières années est la promesse d’une aventure hors du commun mais ce n’est pas un acte anodin : il faut être capable d’accepter que toutes les « bonnes » idées ne conduiront pas au succès, que seule une minorité de projets débouchera sur un immense succès. Il faut aussi renverser votre rapport à l’échec, qui est une source d’expérience et doit être géré selon la logique de la « perte acceptable » : l’entrepreneur aime l’incertitude, pas le risque démesuré. La création d’entreprises technologiques vous offre une réelle occasion de contribuer à changer le monde mais nécessite que vous adoptiez un certain état d’esprit et que vous puissiez acquérir des savoirs, des savoir-faire et des savoir être, ainsi qu’une expérience la plus large possible. Vous aurez l'occasion de côtoyer des personnes passionnantes et passionnées issues d'horizons très différents. A partir d’une vision et d’une technologie de pointe, ces femmes et ces hommes ont souvent bâti des entreprises d’envergure mondiale. La trajectoire de développement d'une entreprise technologique est pleine d’imprévus qui vous demanderont à la fois de l’agilité et une préparation importante pour partir d’une idée forte, sélectionner votre marché, développer votre offre, réunir une équipe à la hauteur des enjeux et trouver des financements. Ce cours se compose de sessions méthodologiques ainsi que de témoignages d'entrepreneurs et d’acteurs emblématiques de la création d'entreprises technologiques. Vous pourrez ainsi vous familiariser avec les dilemmes essentiels auxquels sont confrontés les créateurs d'une entreprise high tech, à commencer par la décision de créer sa propre structure, qui représente un véritable choix de vie. Vous verrez également que la création d'une entreprise technologique est davantage une aventure collective qu’un parcours individuel.

À partir de la leçon

De l’innovation au marché : comment repérer des opportunités d’innovation

Avant toute considération technique ou économique, la création d’une entreprise technologique est avant tout une aventure humaine qui nécessite, pour chaque associé, de s’interroger sur ses choix de vie. Au-delà de l’intuition initiale d’une nouvelle offre basée sur une technologie de pointe, nous souhaitons vous familiariser avec plusieurs pratiques et méthodes de conception. Nous verrons notamment que l’innovation n’est pas une trajectoire balistique mais plutôt un cheminement ni très linéaire et encore moins séquentiel. Un des principaux enjeux est d’accumuler des connaissances en effectuant de nombreux allers-retours entre conception innovante et application sur des marchés. Vous serez plus spécifiquement invités à explorer les usages auxquels votre offre pourra répondre et les différentes manières de vous distinguer des offres existantes.

1.1 Introduction0:56

1.2 De la recherche en laboratoire à la décision de créer une entreprise innovante9:03

1.3 La conception innovante, un mélange de pratiques et de méthodes issues des « sciences de l’artificiel »11:37

1.4 Créer une entreprise innovante à plusieurs : quels critères de choix ?6:49

1.5 Méthode et conseils pour décrire et évaluer une opportunité de création d’entreprise high tech18:07

Rencontrer les enseignants

Romain Beaume
Chargé Mission chaire MIX
50% Ecole polytechnique + 50% ParisTech
Etienne Krieger
Affiliate Professor
Entrepreneurship and Innovation

Hello everyone.

My name is Anaïs Barut,

I am the president of DAMAE Medical company. In this video,

I will talk about my carreer and the creation of my company.

Let's first talk about my academical course.

After my baccaleaureate, I couldn't decide between two choices

that I both liked : science and business.

I chose to do "classes préparatoires" PCSI [intensive foundation degree]

and I thought that, after my engineer diploma, I would try to seize any

possible occasion that could help me obtain business skills.

So, after my engineering studies at the Institut d'Optique,

I entered the "grande école" HEC Paris. [extremely selective establishment]

During my studies in the Institut d'Optique,

I had the opportunity to lead successively three business projects

and then to do a placement in a very young startup.

This is where I found my vocation.

This is also where I met David Siret who also had this desire

to live the business adventure.

>> Hello, I am David Siret, Technical Manager of DAMAE Medical.

So, I will tell you about my carreer.

Like a lot of students following the general curriculum,

I didn't really know what I wanted to do later,

or what field could interest me more than another.

After my baccaleaureate, I entered

a scientific "classe préparatoire" in physics and chemistry which allowed me

to get a high level in science and be able to enter any university.

I integrated the Institut d'Optique after my "classe préparatoire"

because there was a branch for entrepreneurship

and innovation.

In secondary school (or even higher education), this science of value

creation is rarely introduced, so I was curious about it.

Thanks to the recruiting communication for the future ex-student of

"classe préparatoire", I realised the scientific and technical level

that I could reach at the Institut d'Optique

on the fondamental aspect as well as engineering,

and in physics in general.

Furthermore, the university is linked to a worldwide famous laboratory

specialised in optical and photonic research.

So the students were introduced to

current technological issues.

I also realised that the branch for entrepreneurship was

exactly what I wanted to do

to complete my scientific training.

There is a double aim to this branch: initiate and train new engineers

to creator and startup jobs in technologies and offer

a development project for a technology from public or industrial research

laboratories to impliment our knowledge in real time.

DAMAE Medical develops a medical device for dermatologists

allowing them to clearly visualise skin tissues directly

on the skin surface of the patient.

The aim is to be able to diagnose before

making any test.

Technology appeared at the same time as the entrepreunarial project;

when Anaïs and I met

Professor Arnaud Dubois in January 2013.

Arnaud leads a reasearch team specialised in optical

imaging techniques for biomedical research and

medical diagnosis applications.

Arnaud is an internationally recognized expert,

He has been researching for more than 20 years,

he is an important actor on the world scientific stage.

Before he entered Charles Fabry laboratory,

Anaud was researching in the optic laboratory of ESPCI

where he developed and invented with his research manager a new innovative

imaging method which resulted in a startup in 2007.

At this time, he wasn't part of this new business.

Six years later, he created an innovative technique

and decided it was strongly valuable.

He was convinced he couldn't let the chance go for the second time

and decided to associate with two entrepreneurs: Anaïs and myself,

to add value to his invention, to patent it,

to develop and spread the device on the medical imaging market.

We designed together a first proof of concept in the laboratory,

as we were convinced of the potential of this technology

coupled with its relevance to health needs,

we patented the invention less than one year after we first met.

Choosing to create a company right after

my studies is not only for an isolated reason,

but it is thanks to several favourable factors, which, once united,

allowed to transform a student project into a real entrepreneurship opportunity.

We invested ourselves in an innovating project with high

technological ambitions this is a very stimulating challenge for engineers.

CNRS and Institut d'Optique gave us support and

ressources which is a major asses fo a scientific company.

Moreover, we were lucky enough to form a cohesive operational team

that we tried to structure in the most effective way,

covering all the required competences for a techonological startup:

researcher, engineer, salesperson.

Thanks to the dynamic entrepreneurship ecosystem of HEC or the 503

(entrepreneurship center of Institut d'Optique)

we are immersed in a dynamic environment and we benefit from close links with

research and innovation actors.

We therfore chose to seize this opportunity,

which seemed more attractive than risky to us.

>> What will DAMAE Medical become in ten years?

A succesful company with a greater number of partners.

We want to create a dynamic French company in the field

of medical technologies aiming to improve the quality

of the treatment of patients.

Today, France already has several very dynamic startups

that we hope to join.

This is particularly based on credibility.

We would like to aquire a solid place on imaging markets and

in the world of cancer.

This will be closely related to

the intallation of devices in many hospitals and clinics.

The development of DAMAE Medical

will depend on the maturity of the technology.

There are three main phases.

The validation of the technology is the first phase.

The proof of concept is already validated

and the intellectual property has been secured.

The second phase is the testing phase in collaborative research.

This phase has a double purpose.

We will refine the technology to obtain en end product,

And the benefits of the patient will be proved through

several international multicentric studies.

This way, we will validate the clinical relevance of our device.

Finally, the third phase is marketing.

This is followed by an important financial investment

to ensure a significant commercial startup.

For these three phases, we need to work on several

pillars of development of the company: market focus,

implementation to access it,

development of the economic model, or finance.

I think that a good entrepreneur is able to go back

and forth between these pillars.

He has to work on all the pillars in parallel.

And this is very difficult to handle.

The more our technical development will progress,

the more aspects will have to be locked on the product and on the market.

And there is a moment when we will have to define

a final version for our first product.

What kind of advice could I give to an entrepreneur?

I have three pieces of advice about things that I saw with my own eyes

during my entrepreneurship adventure.

First, the entrepreneur is often seen as a very optimistic

person, but I don't think that it is an essential quality.

You should know that 100% entrepreneurs believe in their succes,

however 50% will be disappointed.

This excess of optimism comes from the idealisation of

some entrepreneur's careers

such as Steve Jobs or Mark Zuckerberg.

So you might think that the right behaviour for an entrepreneur should be

pessimistic instead of optimistic.

I think that it is not about

being optimistic or pessimistic; an entrepreneur must be single-minded.

As a second piece of advice, you shouldn't build

a company only because entrepreneurship interests you.

You must find an idea, an innovation

provide a solution to a problem that you are passionate about.

Appart from the fact that it will be much easier to work

on a subject you are interested in,

there is another advantage that I discovered in practice.

Some of the decisions and orientations of the company are chosen

for clear and rationnal reasons.

For example,

I am going to do a market study to define possible markets.

I will then chose the most important market

with the most urgent needs.

After this decision, a few aspects of the company will be locked.

I will be able to target the market,

characterise my future product specifications, implement ways to access it,

establish a shedule for the technical development.

Once rational aspects have been used for

the least risky choices,

we often face a cornelian dilemma.

Should the distribution be done directly?

Do we need to rely on general or specialised distribution?

Do I need a economic model in sales, services or licensing?

When all rational sources have been used,

the next choice has to be purely personal.

Who are we as entrepreneur?

What do we want to become?

What do we want the company to become?

Do we wish to be producers or to keep

researching and developing?

So this is a very important point. And it is closely related to my last

piece of advice: the choice of your team.

The team needs to vary with different profils,

competences, ways to work, to see things.

But the final idea must be shared

by all the founders and this before the creation of the company.

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