Continuing on with primate conservation and with the 25 top endangered primates, we're going to go ahead and shift our regional focus to Asia. So, here is our map of Asian primates. Again, just to kind of locate ourselves here, we'll be talking about Nycticebus. So, one of our Loris that is located down in Indonesia, and that's our purple color. Simias, also located in Indonesia, and that is going to be light blue. And we've got our Cat Ba langur. So, that is going to be in Vietnam, and that is the magenta color, our Trachypithecus. We'll also be looking at another langur species in India and Bhutan. And so, that's going to be our Trachypithecus geei. So that's going to be that darker blue color. We'll be talking about the Semnopithecus, who is going to be our purple-faced langur, and that is located just in Sri Lanka. So, that is the yellow color. And when we talk about one of our gibbon species, so that'll be the hoolock gibbon. And that is located in China and Myanmar. So, that is a green coloration on the map. And then, the last species that we'll be addressing is Pongo, so one of our Orangutans, located only in Indonesia in Sumatra. And so that's going to be that red color right there. So, again, lots of regional variation, and really when we get down to it, a lot of habitat restriction as well. Okay, our slow loris. We've talked about some of these guys before. In terms of the threats that they're experiencing, we have both habitat loss, illegal animal trade, and then traditional medicine. So, as we discuss some of the issues that these guys have to be avoid being bitten by the venomous slow loris, the traders will habitually cut or pull out an animal's lower front teeth. And, so that's going to cause them problems, they're not going to be able to actually eat anything. And there's a lot of infection that come from that, because they're not really being given medical care after they've already had their, after being stolen from the wilderness, having their teeth pulled out, and then being passed around to tourists. So, these guys are extremely popular. We've seen a couple pictures already of them in this illegal animal trading in this kind of photo prop trade. And their extreme popularity really is kind of a double-edged sword in many instances. It helps make the public aware of their decline, but because there's so many that are seen in these videos, there's a public perception that they're not threatened. Okay, our pig-tailed snub-nose langur, this is Simias concolor. And what we find here are habitat loss, and we also have hunting. So, a lot of times the animals, the forest where they live are being converted to palm plantations for palm oil. And locals also consider the pig-tailed snub-nose langur meat to be a delicacy. So, entire groups can be eliminated in single hunting events. Hunter goes out in the forest, finds one group and just shoots all the animals right there. So, that is wiping them out from that area. Like many langur species, we do see some color variations within them. So, between males and females, that's what's being illustrated there. But just, again, we've talked about palm oil, it's going to be something that definitely comes up through this section. All right, our golden-headed langur, also known as the Cat Ba langur, Trachypithecus poliocephalus. We've got a restricted habit, a very restricted habitat. We've got habitat loss, and we've got hunting for this species. So, this species, as I mentioned, as we'll focus on a little bit later on, lives on one island, the largest island in Hạ Long Bay. So, one of the largest tourist destinations in the north of Vietnam. And they live on a very restricted portion of that island. So they all live on this kind of karst limestone hills. And that's, from where this picture is taken, it's a good possibility the water's about just a couple feet right below the edge of that picture. So, they live right on the edge of the bay. You have this habitat fragmentation, and you've got these group fragmentations. So, it's one of those, you might end up with a group that is just males, or a group that is just females, and they can't access each other. So, clearly that's not going to be useful for breeding. So, there have been some successful translocations of females to other groups. And, not immediately, but they've been accepted in and they have seen breeding. So, that's a very positive sign. But because there's this surplus of young male Cat Ba langurs, it can be a concern. Because one of the things that will happen is, when the young males come into a new group, and try to take over that group, a lot of times the first thing that'll happen is they'll kill off the infants so that the females become receptive to breeding again, so that they can go ahead and have their own offspring. So, you're celebrating the success of a baby being born, another young male comes in and tries to kill that baby. So, pretty big conservation concern. Okay, and we've got our golden langurs. This is the Trachypithecus geei. It is an endangered creature, but here we can talk about habitat loss, habitat fragmentation, and hybridization. So, another instance where we see hybridization. So, I'll explain that in a second. So, a lot of the golden langur deaths are being attributed to electrocution on power lines. So, again, animals moving from one forest block to another, or traversing into these anthropogenic areas, and being electrocuted while being on these power lines. There's road accidents. So, if they're walking around on the ground, they get run over. And then we also have attacks by domestic dogs. So, people move in, people bring other animals with them, and we see these animals getting attacked. See golden langur populations in India it's also threatened by encroachment, illegal tree felling, fuel wood collection, and also cattle grazing. So, it's reported that over 50% of their original habitat has been lost due to these kind of habitat fragmentations and loss scenarios. Now, this hybridization event, what it is, is if there's another species, so, in this instance, the capped langur, the capped langur can breed with a golden langur. So, it produces a hybrid offspring. And, how these capped langurs are getting into these areas, is that they've recently built suspension bridges over the Champa River. So what used to be a large kind of boundary, this river that they wouldn't be able to cross, now that there's a suspension bridge, the capped langurs are coming across and they're breeding with the golden langurs, and vice versa. So, you have these kind of issues of these hybrid species are, diluting the gene pool, they're changing the gene pool. They're no longer just a golden langur. So, another interesting kind of conservation concern that we see. Okay, we've got a purple-faced langur. This is Semnopithecus vetulus. And some of the threats to this guy are habitat loss, urbanization, and then conflict with other species. So, Sri Lanka's 26-year civil war ended in 2009. And during this time there was extensive deforestation. So, that deforestation caused humans and nonhuman primates to really kind of come into greater contact, and greater conflict. This urbanization really kind of poses a serious threat to the critically endangered and endemic species of Loris, or purple-faced langur. So, whenever we're having these habitat losses, We're changing that force matrix, we're really kind of moving them into closer contact. So, some of the issues, you get attacked by dogs, you get animals being run over, they're occasionally shot and killed because they will go through and they'll start to raid people's home gardens. So, whenever you get this kind of property whenever you get these pest species, understandably, if people are trying to make certain that they put food on their table, and there is an animal coming in, that's taking that food away, they're going to try to remove that pest species. So it definitely is not helping these guys' prospects. Okay, the Gaoligong hoolock gibbon, Hoolock tianxing. And, these guys also have another name which is super cool. They're known as the Skywalker hoolock gibbon, which I just think is a fantastic name for them. You've got agricultural encroachment, you've got habitat loss, and you've got hunting. So, gibbons really don't come down to the ground very often. It does happen, and I have seen it. But for the most part, these are creatures that are incredibly proficient at brachiation, kind of swinging through the trees. So, they generally stay high up in the canopy and move along. So, as greater levels of agriculture move through, we see habitat loss. And we see that, again, this greater interface between humans and nonhuman primates. Hunting, these guys are hunted for pet trade, and also for bush meat. So, kind of, especially, they're located in China and Myanmar. So, areas that have a extensive background of deforestation and hunting. Okay? We can move on to orangutans. So, this is the Tapanuli Orangutan. And this is Pongo tapanuliensis. We've got habitat loss, geographic isolation, and hunting. An interesting thing about these guys, is they were first described in 2017. And National Geographic immediately called them the rarest ape. So, it's a population estimate of fewer than 800 individuals. And, really, makes it the least numerous of all great ape species. So, we've talked about orangs. We've talked about palm oil, so a lot of their habitat is going and being converted. So, they're losing all that habitat by geographic isolation when we looked at that initial map, again, very, very restricted area of where they live. So, recognized as a new species, and unfortunately, immediately put right into that kind of critically endangered category. Okay, so those are our species in Asia. We'll go ahead, and we will keep working through. We'll talk about Africa and Madagascar next.
