The next topic that we're going to go ahead, and address is we're going to be looking at primate diversity. So obviously diversity, we've got a large number of species of primates, but I really want you to kind of of think about, what you kind of know about primates. And what those body sizes, and shapes, and the colors, and everything else really are. So we can go ahead, and we can say, that the primates are an incredibly diverse order. So there's a great line drawing out of John Fleagles book, Primate Adaptation in Evolution, that shows the largest in the smallest of the living primates, nonhuman primates. So here we've got a Gorillas, which is about 200 kilograms, which is 440 pounds there about. And inside that Gorrilla's palm, is a mouse lemur, so we're talking about a creature that's about 100 grams. So if we're looking at, that's just the kind of the current population of animals that exist, if we go back into the fossil record, we can find animals that were even larger than 300 grams. So gigantic epithecus blackie, which is in the place to scene of China, and creatures that were smaller than 20 grams. So that mean 20 paper clips, very, very small creatures, when we talk about this stranded all listed that there's about 504 species. 60% of those currently threatened with extinction, and 75%, have declining populations. So what I want to do is, if I said to you primate, or really even monkey, what would you think? What would kind of come to mind? So want to take a couple minutes here, and just go through, and shows just a small portion of the incredible diversity of the order primates, that are out there. So first went up kind of thing I said, what do you think about primate or monkey? This is definitely not a monkey, Gorillas are not monkeys, even though it's going to be one of those things like chips. And guerrillas you'll always kind of seeing people go, hey look, monkey's as will talk about during the taxonomy portion of it, they're not monkeys. That is a completely separate thing, but for all intensive purposes, this is definitely a creature that you would have no problem, calling a primate. Okay, what about, if we think about orangutans? So again, a creature that is more closely related to us, than they are to monkeys, but very different than the Gorilla, I just showed you. And these are creatures that are different in terms of, their lifestyles, and could in terms of, where they live in terms of, what they eat, their calls, their social behaviors. So just between Gorillas in their ranks, there's already a wide diversity of variation in there. Another feature you guys have probably seen time, and time again, so this is a Japanese Macaques, one of the kind of the snow monkeys, seen here in the hot tubs. So again, now we actually are talking monkey, and generally if you say, hey think about a monkey. Then Macaques, is going to be the kind of stereotypical generalized creature, that you would think about. But again, wide variety within Macaques, of body size, of dietary habits, of cultural, and behavioral norms that they have, so just very, very striking creatures. The creature that your kids are probably more familiar with, so Chimpanzees, again, a number of different species of Chimpanzees. And then Chimpanzees, and bonobos are more closely related evolutionary cousins. But just again, these are the kind of creatures that we think about, when we say primate. All right changing gears drastically here, here we got Aye Ayes, so creature that lives in Madagascar. Has these kind of rodent like, ever growing incisors, these big bat ears, very, very crazy looking animals, but they are a primate. So there are very endangered creature in Madagascar, but if very very striking different creature. Okay, so here we have another primate, but if you saw this, and if you saw this particular behavior, would you think that it was a primate? So video shot from Madagascar, of some of our Sifaka, kind of bouncing around, they've got this great locomotor pattern. They usually up in trees, but when they're down on the ground, they do this kind of crazy hops all along. This is again one of our smallest living primates, but one of our little tiny mouse Lemurs. And here we can see, it just kind of going through, and eating, getting the pollen, eating those flowers, kind of thing from these plants. So a very very small creature as compared, to some of the other ones that we've looked at. Shifting back into more familiar territory, so Lemur Catta, or the ring tailed Lemur. Probably a creature that you guys have seen, if you go to zoos, they do quite well in captivity. So it's not unusual, to see them kind of running around in some of the Zoo, and some of the other habitats around, but again it is a primate. It's definitely not a creature that looks like any of us, but it is a related animal to us. One of my favorites, so some of the Rois, so this being a slender Rois, and there was also slow Rois, little tiny guys. These guys have often been described, as being like bananas on stilts as well, kind of talk about them a little bit. Some of them are venomous, which is a really cool trait for primates. There generally nocturnal creatures, that can be out at night, and they move in a very, very slow, deliberate quadrupedal kind of. If you think about a squirrels world, or quadrupeds, they run around very, very quickly, these guys generally moving very slow deliberate nature. We move into the Neo-tropics, here we've got a little tiny squirrel monkey, quite often, you'll see these guys. And then some of their other closely related Cousins Capuchins, in a lot of movies, so again, wide variety in distinction in primates. If we look at these next ones, so we got Howler monkeys, found again in the Neo-tropics. If you've ever had the opportunity to hear a Howler monkey, when they do their long morning call, so you can kind of, you can see that deep throat that they have. They've got this nice throat sac, that you can hear their calls throughout the region. And it sounds like this kind of, Woooo, really, really deep, kind of crazy howling voice. Okay, we've got our Cotton-top tamarins, so creatures again, that live in the Neo-tropics. But a very very unique, are tamarins that are marmoset smaller primates. But a lot of them have these kind of great funky hairdos, or all this kind of crazy facial hair. Some of them have like the emperor tamarin, kind of this large, beautiful mustache, so lots of diversity in there,. If we look at our Uakaris or the cacajao, these guys are coming out of a couple of different flavors. But I really love these ones, they got this long kind of golden, kind of matted hair around them, and then this bright red face. Moving into some more of our monkeys, we've got are black, and white Colobus again, another very striking creature. And will be talking about one of the Colobus, a little bit later on in the course, but these guys were almost haunted to extinction. They've got this long hair, that kind of comes off of their shoulders, and this white kind of code on top of the black, very very striking, beautiful creatures, this guy just does a great face. Moving back towards our Macaques, again, so we saw them at the very beginning as our snow monkeys, here's another example. This is a long tailed Macaques, photo shot in Vietnam, so this guy just hanging out in the trees. Macaques, are some of the most widely distributed non-human primates, so Macaques, can live just about anywhere. They're considered a weed species, or, in many cases, invasive species. But they've learned, how to do quite well, hanging out around humans, they are pretty unperturbed by us. And of our old friend here, so our Red shanked Douc, again, this was taken in Vietnam, but a nice little family group right here. You can see the mom holding the baby there on the far right, but again, just incredible diversity of body size, of food habits, of locomotor habits, of variation in color. If we look at this next group, so these are our Cat Ba Lungur, so in the North of Vietnam, just out on Kepler Island, are also known as Golden headed lungur. So again, just incredibly striking creatures, but living up on these karst limestone hills. So a very different kind of locomotor pattern develops, because they have to be able to move around, through this particular environment. And one of the ones that will go ahead, and end with now, is this just small kind of slice of diversity within primates, are Yellow Cheek Gibbon, the Golden Cheek Gibbons, you can see that kind of on the side of their face. But, these are smaller creatures, that spend their entire lives up in the top canopy's of trees, kind of just moving around doing this great brachiation behavior. So this kind of arm swinging behavior, that we see within there. So again, just looking at a wide diversity of primates, we're really going to dive in, and focus on specific ones, on really looking at the conservation aspects for them. But I just wanted to go ahead and talk about this, just spread of incredible diversity within this group, okay. And for number the sources, a lot of them are credit from personal correspondence or from. Unsplash.com, so we'll go ahead and continue on with our next module. But thank you all for listening and we'll keep moving forward.
