Let me tell you about what Kerry Clause said about practice and actually hundreds of other competitors that we have studied over, actually this is a little bit under 200. These spellers tell us that they do three things when they practice. Not just deliberate practice but also they do fun and easy stuff like reading. This is how spellers rate the experience of reading. It's effortful, pretty enjoyable, but not as effortful as actually being quizzed by your mom or dad. Your mom says, ursprache and you say, ursprache, U-R-S-P-R-A-C-H-E, ursprache. That's being quizzed, your mom says, all right. Or if you're John says, you're right, you win the spelling bee. But then there's deliberate practice which is comparatively the highest effort and the least enjoyable in the moment on average for these elite spellers. Now interestingly if you look at the data, some of these kids are rookies, they're in the National Spelling Bee for the first time. Some of them like Carry are veterans, she won her 5th year which is thousands of hours of practice accumulated over five years. Not ten and not 10,000 hours but just several thousand hours. But if I look at the data and I compare the rookies to those who have had more spelling bee experience, the level of effort is the same. They commonly say that working on their weaknesses and solitude, doing things that they can't yet do is high effort, but their enjoyment ratings are different. And I think it gets to maybe one of the points that you were bringing up which is that the veterans don't experience the little practice as unpleasurable not relatively speaking to the rookies, who are like, my God, this is awful but it's important. And I think there's something there there, but it's cross sectional data and I don't know. It may be that those of us who can learn to enjoy it are the ones who stick around. It could also be that you acquire a taste for effort, that you learn to love the burn somehow or you learn to interpret the burn as progress and not failure or some judgement on yourself. There's a lot there there but again all I want you to say to yourself when you leave today is that wow the relationship you in flow into little practice has not yet been worked out. Then why we think this is what I believe. Because that's your hypothesis. That's with the [INAUDIBLE]. Yeah >> Have you seen the movie Spellbound? >> Yes I have. In fact that's why I did this study. >> I know you did. I was going to say it's such a good study of so many different, it's a documentary about the spelling bee and it plays a Christopher Guest movie almost, but it's a real that's a show but it was like a real documentary and it's amazing. >> It's amazing. And literally I watched that movie and then I called the National Spelling Bee and I said can I study the spellers, and page with a former spelling bee champion and still the President of the spelling, he said, sure. That's how the study actually got started. Yeah. In that data on the spellers we counted up the number of hours from their logs of how much time they spent being quizzed, how much time they spent doing a little practice and then reading stuff for fun, so they could see new words. And what we found is that really the most pronounced, reliable prediction could be made from the hours of deliberate practice. Especially when you control for everything else including other kinds of practice. It's important I think to see that yeah being quizzed probably serves a function but it might be by identifying the weaknesses like I keep getting these kinds of words wrong. I need to focus on that kind of word and then you go and deliberately practice it. Be in quiz is actually super awesome for learning. When you get to the end of this course and somebody else actually wants you to get any kind of exam, quizzing yourself is really good for actually lots of reasons. Among them, they identified witnesses that you don't know you've had. One of the comments states that teenagers commit when they are studying, is that they read their chapter again, and they highlight it, and then they read it again. And actually what becomes familiar, they confuse for real understanding because if you close the book, and you're like, don't look at the book. Tell me, what were the two most important things to learn from the Civil War, from the perspective of [INAUDIBLE] like, wait I just, just saw, and then I need to look again. And so that's being quizzed, but then they can go deliberately practice that weakness that they didn't even know they had. It's also important to do things that are fun, enjoy reading, so yes reading time did not predict spelling in this competition, but if you look at the mean scores of this kids. My it was literally the same numerical score as how much they enjoy eating food like ice cream. Did it predict the, no but as a group this is a very high, they love words. Why else would you sit around a dictionary for thousands of hours except for you love words and word roots and so forth. I want you to appreciate that what I was predicting here a variance in your spelling performance based on either your ranking but now that you understand that well okay that's only within this sample. That doesn't there's a limitation on the external validity. Among spellers in the National Spelling Bee who love words and so enjoy reading and forth, then reading doesn't maybe make a difference but outside of them. When you go forth and you do your parts of psychology in the world, just be mindful of the external validity. In this group that makes sense but I'm not saying for all humanity the gratitude exercise is going to work. It may have certain preconditions. And I think that's what we're finding it.
