Welcome to a new topic which is about Russian party system.
To understand the Political Party System in contemporary Russia is better,
and we must remember the historical way
of institutionalization of citizen participation in Russia.
At the slide, you can see the party system at the beginning of 20th century.
The party is like Mensheviks and
Esera were are indebted to workers and peasants or lower class.
And there goes the revolution.
Overthrow of autocracy and dictatorship of the proletariat.
Constitution Democrates and October's are dated on bourgeois on middle class.
They tried to vote for new reforms in Russian empire.
Nicole the second wasn't a party member officially,
but he supported the monarchical party union of the Russian nation.
By the way our first parliament State Duma walked in 1906 only seventy two days.
It was dissolved by sorry because it was rather danger for political regime.
One party system was more understandable for
Russian society based on traditional vendors.
Communist ideology in fact most not absolutely new.
The communist leaders used many traditional principle and some decorative elements.
Soviet's campaign poster are the perfect example to illustrate this phenomenon.
At first, you can see a strong man vote for his Motherland.
Who is he? Probably he's a broker.
Absolutely sure that he is in a Communist Party member and he vote for his Motherland.
It's very much important symbol for official Soviet propaganda.
Election day looked like a national holidays and three years earlier it was so.
I look at this poster,
an old man old father,
voted for best deputies.
He asked you to vote as well as for your own family.
It is not a rational choice, it's emotional choice.
It's very emotional symbol,
but very often used in Russian official propaganda.
You can see a beautiful Soviet woman elected deputies.
It also was a very important symbol and elements of Soviet propaganda.
And the Stalin's constitution of 1936,
and the Soviet electoral law had no discrimination on gender or national principles.
It was rousing you even for European countries.
Not only for modern Soviet state,
but it is very much important that there was
no political competition and fighting during the electoral process.
Here is a typical ballot paper.
The Soviet people voted for united block of communist members and non-party members.
You can see only one candidate in the ballot paper.
In the end of Soviet time,
the election result choice were normal practice.
There were not alternative any ballot papers.
For years, this practice formed in most opinion
a negative and satirical relation to the electoral process.
The first real alternative election took place in contemporary Russia in 1989.
It was the election of their supreme Council.
In my opinion, it was the great result of perestroika.
As a matter of step though their creating of multi-party system was done.
It's very interesting, and the past experience of
political party building were not used by Russian citizens.
The previous party system hasn't been restored.
The only party had to remain the Communist Party.
How such things be explained?
The Russian people supported the perestroika,
but they were disappointed and franked them by result of
market reforms development and social economic crisis later.