[MUSIC] Dear participants, hello. It's a pleasure to meet you again for this new technical session. In this video, I will be assisted by a new expert. >> Hello, I'm happy to join this MOOC on Bitumen. I'm Sophie Limborg, the Chairperson of the CEN/TC 336 European Technical Community dealing with the open standards on Bitumen. In the previous session, the penetration test and the tests were introduced to you by Lawrence. In this new session we will explore two other test methods. The viscosity test and the Fraass brittlle point test. Indeed, Bitumen's stiffness versus temperature is determined thanks to different standardized test methods. These test methods are able to characterize Bitumen at different temperature. That is for the typical rendering of service temperatures in roads. For instance, stiffness at intermediate service temperature, is characterized by penetration. Elevated surface temperature is characterized by [INAUDIBLE] and [INAUDIBLE] determination. Fraass brittle point enables to characterize the susceptibility under low service temperature. >> The Bitumen is bind with viscosity can be measured by different tests. In this video I will focus on the determination of dynamic viscosity by vacuum capillary and on the kinematic viscosity. The dynamic viscosity by vacuum capillary is a standardized test. In Europe the standard reference is EN 12596. This standard specify a method for the determination of the dynamic viscosity of bitumenous binders by means of a vacuum capillary viscosimeter generally at 60 degrees Celsius and in a range of between 0.0036 Pascal seconds and 580,000 Pascal seconds. The test consists in data mining the time for a fixed volume of the liquid to be drawn up through a capillary tube by means of a vacuum and temperature. The viscosity is calculated by multiplying the flow time in seconds by the viscosimeter calibration factor. The dynamic viscosity at 60 degrees Celsius characterize the consistency of the bitumen at high temperature of service when rooting appears. The kinematic viscosity is another standardized test to measure the bitumen's viscosity. In Europe the standard reference is EN 12595. This European standard specifies a method for the determination of the kinematic viscosity, a bituminous binder at 60 degrees Celsius and 135 degrees in a range from 6 millimeters square per second to 300,000 millimeters square per second. The test consists in measuring the time for fixed volume of the liquid to be flowed through the capillary of the calibrated glass capillary viscosimeter and accurately reproducible work static load and at a closely controlled temperature. The kinematic viscosity is calculated by multiplying the flux time in seconds by the viscosimeter calibration factor. The kinematic viscosity at 135 degrees Celsius gives information about the probability of the bitumen at high temperature. This is a key parameter when mixing bitumen with aggregates in the asphalt plant. >> The determination of the Fraass breaking point is a standardized test. In Europe the standard reference is EN 12593. The European standard specifies the methods for determining the brittleness of bituminous binders at low temperatures. A test consists in applying a sample of bitumen's binder on a metal plate at an even thickness. The plate is stipulated to constant cooling rate and flex repeatability and the other binder layers break. The temperature, at which the first crack appears, is reported as the Fraass breaking point, the clear and frank crack should be obtained when performing the test. Attention should be paid to the sample preparation, to the cleanliness of the coating test plates. And when gripping the prepared plate between the clips. Those parameters are key factors for performing the test under accurate and repeatable conditions. For the pure bitumens the softer the bitumen the higher the penetration, the lower the Fraass breaking point. In conclusion, viscosity determined under different temperatures and Fraass brittle point are parameters which enable to specify bitumen under different temperature condition respectively, high and low service temperatures. The dynamic viscosity at 60 degrees centigrade, characterize the consistency of the bitumen at high temperature of service when rutting appears. The kinematic viscosity at 135 degrees gives information about the pumpability of the bitumen at high temperature. These are among the property which enable to characterize Bitumen and the different conditions of use. These tests are determined with fresh binder that is not aged binder. In the forthcoming video, you will be presented the aging conditions of Bitumen. Both on short term and long term aging and its characterization. Thank you for your attention. [MUSIC]