O modelo AS/AD

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En provenance du cours de University of California, Irvine

O Poder da Macroeconomia: princípios da economia no mundo real (em Português)

198 notes

University of California, Irvine

O Poder da Macroeconomia: princípios da economia no mundo real (em Português)

198 notes

Neste curso, você conhecerá os princípios fundamentais da macroeconomia geralmente ensinados em cursos trimestrais ou semestrais para alunos de graduação ou MBA. E, talvez mais importante ainda, você também aprenderá a aplicar esses princípios a uma grande variedade de situações, tanto de sua vida particular quanto profissional. Assim, o Poder da Macroeconomia vai ajudá-lo a ser bem-sucedido em um ambiente globalizado e cada vez mais competitivo. This is a translated version. To join the original English version, please visit this page https://www.coursera.org/learn/principles-of-macroeconomics

À partir de la leçon

Modelo de oferta e demanda agregadas e debate entre clássicos e keynesianos

Nascimento da economia keynesiana7:00

Os dois pilares da economia clássica6:44

Por que a economia clássica fracassou2:23

O modelo AS/AD4:03

Por que as curvas AS e AD são deslocadas7:37

Três segmentos da economia7:05

Rencontrer les enseignants

Dr. Peter Navarro
Professor
Paul Merage School of Business

[MUSIC]

This figure illustrates the aggregate supply, aggregate demand model.

The price level is represented on the vertical axis, while real domestic output,

or GDP, is represented on the horizontal axis.

Note that aggregate demand slopes downward,

while aggregate supply slopes upward.

Note also that equilibrium in the model occurs at point E,

where the AS and AD curves cross.

This is because at this point the price in output combination

is compatible with the intentions of both buyers and sellers.

Finally, note that equilibrium in this model does not necessarily have to occur

at the full employment potential output GDP of Q sub c.

It can also be at a recessionary level such as

Q sub u where actual GDP is below potential GDP.

Our task now is to discuss why this figure looks like it does and what can happen

to make either of the curves shift and therefore change equilibrium in the model.

Let's start with the downward sloping aggregate demand curve,

which is also known as the aggregate equilibrium demand curve.

Technically aggregate demand is a schedule

which is graphically represented as a curve as illustrated in this figure.

It shows the various amounts of real output that domestic consumers,

businesses and government along with foreign buyers collectively desire

to purchase at each possible price level holding other things constant.

And please note this, holding other things constant, or

ceteris paribus assumption because as we shall discuss shortly,

it is crucial in understanding shifts in the aggregate demand curve.

Now, the downward slope of the aggregate demand curve means that

as the general price level falls, consumers and

businesses will increase their demand for goods and services.

This will happen for three reasons.

First, there is a real balance or wealth effect.

As the price level falls, the purchasing power of consumers increases, and

they demand more goods and services.

This is because the real value of money is measured by how many goods and

services each dollar will buy.

Accordingly, a lower price level increases the real value or

purchasing power of accumulated financial assets such as savings accounts and

bonds That have fixed money values.

For example, a household may not buy a new car or

a sailboat if the purchasing power of its assets is only $30,000.

However, if there is deflation and the price level falls,

the household's real purchasing power may increase to, say, $50,000.

So the new purchase is more likely to be made.

A second reason why the aggregate demand curve slopes downward

is an interest rate effect.

As the price level falls, so too do interest rates.

Falling interest rates, in turn increase investment spending by businesses as

well as certain kinds of consumer spending on items such as automobiles and housing.

Third there is a foreign purchases, foreign trade or net export effect.

As the domestic price level falls, the relative price of foreign goods increases.

This reduces the demand for the now more expensive foreign imports, increases

the demand for exports and thereby also increases the aggregate quantity demanded.

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