1.1 IoT Business & Industry Domains_Part 1

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En provenance du cours de Yonsei University

IoT (Internet of Things) Wireless & Cloud Computing Emerging Technologies

45 notes

Yonsei University

IoT (Internet of Things) Wireless & Cloud Computing Emerging Technologies

45 notes

Cours 3 sur 4 dans Specialization Emerging Technologies: From Smartphones to IoT to Big Data

IoT (Internet of Things) devices are already abundant, but new products that include IoT modules are now a common trend. Also, almost everything is already connected to a Cloud, and much more will be in the future. Naturally, as this trend continues, in the near future almost all devices and appliances will include IoT modules which will use sensor data collection and control/management based on Clouds. Since we will live in an IoT world supported by Clouds, knowledge of the core technologies and platforms of IoT and Clouds will enable you with the tools to become a true leader in the future product and business world. In this course, the start-of-the-art IoT and wireless networks and Cloud technologies are introduced (for details on 1G to 5G mobile communications and smartphone and smart device technology, please take my course “Smart Device & Mobile Emerging Technologies”). This course ends with projects that teach how to analyze Bluetooth and W-Fi wireless networks and setup and use an EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud) Virtual Computer in AWS (Amazon Web Service), which is the most powerful and popular Cloud technology in the world. Comparing to the human body, IoT is the neural network and the Cloud is the brain. Thus, I cordially welcome you into the brain and neural network of the future intelligence world!

À partir de la leçon

IoT Business & Products

The first module “IoT Business & Products” focuses on the influence of IoT and provides an overview of the trends in North America and the world’s IoT market and industry. The differences in IoT products and services are also described followed by an introduction of the types of leading IoT companies and products, which include Atmel, Android Things, Samsara, ZingBox, and Uber. In addition, IoT services types (i.e., M2M, M2P, P2M, P2P) and their economic impact and the advantages of IoT applications as well as the IoT & M2M ecosystem are introduced.

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Rencontrer les enseignants

Jong-Moon Chung
Professor, School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering
Director, Communications & Networking Laboratory

For the lecture module IoT Business and Products,

I'll start with the first lecture,

IoT Business and Industry Domains.

First, Internet of Things.

IoT networking is one of the key features that needs to be supported by IoT.

It's connecting things, people, applications,

and data, and in order to connect, networking is essential.

It connects through the Internet,

so that's why we have Internet of Things,

IoT, as the overall name for this new emerging technology.

It's basically targeted to connect

everything that can be controllable and needs to be monitored.

It enables remote control, management,

interactive integrated services.

IoT Network Scale.

The number of mobile devices will exceed the number of people on earth.

The number of people is approximately 7.6 billion,

and the number of mobile devices are expected to exceed this number

based on the fact that some people will have more than one smart device,

more than one mobile device supporting their needs.

Think about it already,

you may have a smart tablet or a smart pad,

as well as a smartphone.

In addition, you may have a smartwatch.

Soon in the future,

you're going to have smart glasses that support augmented reality,

and various virtual reality interactive services,

and there was going to be smart wearable devices such as your shoes,

your belt, your necktie,

and various other components.

Considering that, expecting for the number of mobile devices,

especially smart devices to exceed the number of people,

that is very obvious.

Then predictions are made that there will be

50 billion things connected to the Internet by 2020,

that is a tremendous number.

In addition, you need to consider the fact that look at

the overall population of 7.6 billion compared to the 50 billion things.

So therefore, in our workplace when we're transporting from home to our office or back,

or what we have at home,

you consider the number of things that are surrounding

individual users and then you average it out,

then you can see the massive spectrum of where and how IoT devices will be placed.

That's what makes IoT service supports so

important and we have so much to do in this area.

Some advanced IoT devices will need to collect, analyze,

and process segments of raw sensor data and turn it into operational control information.

You can think of it this way,

when I say raw sensor data, these are numbers,

these are metric values, these are symbols,

these are text values that may not have specific meaning.

However, once you collect it and you put it together

with other information that is collected together,

then you get information,

something that has a meaning to it,

something that gives you directions,

something that tells you about an alarm,

or what to do, or what not to do.

Typically, that's what we mean of transforming data into information.

IoT Network Scale.

Well, some sensor databases may have

massive sizes due to the large number of IoT devices.

Then IoT databases will need Cloud Computing support

because of this massive size of data that is collected.

In addition, in order to make data that we

have coming down and turning it into information,

then Cloud Computing is also going to play

the foundation of where the Big Data technology is applied.

This will enable for Big Data services to support

the transformation of information through our original data sources.

In order to do that, what the Big Data engine needs to do is first,

it will use various filtering technologies to filter out the useless information,

integrate what is important,

weight the more important ones compared to the less important ones,

aggregated into a form such that we can get exactly answers to what we want to know,

and that is going to be our core information.

Influence of IoT.

Evidently, it is massive,

and it is going to change the world in various ways.

First, starting with people, us.

More things can be monitored and controlled,

and people, therefore, will become more capable.

Process-wise more, users and machines can collaborate in real time.

That will result in more complex tasks that can be accomplished in lesser time.

Then data, collect data more frequently and reliably,

and these results will enable us to get

more accurate decision-making such that we can control

these millions and billions of IoT modules such that we can get

safer and more productivity out of the same infrastructure that we have.

In addition, things.

Things become more controllable.

Mobile device and things become more valuable.

Think of it this way, you have a switch that you can turn on your light, however,

if there was a way such that the light could be dimmed and turned on brighter,

and then change colors as needed just thinking of a simple application like that,

that would make your lights supply or

your light sources more useful in so many different ways.

It is like that, if there is a way to control

something in a very specific way that fits your needs,

then it becomes so much more valuable.

That is what IoT technology is going to provide you.

North America IoT Market and Industry.

Looking at here.

Overall, there are 2,888 companies and products that

emerged and this is based on

this very outstanding reference that I recommend for you to go through in details.

In addition, $125 billion in funding.

Ninety-five unicorn startups, that means that the unicorn startups are start-up companies

that have resources exceeding one billion dollars from various investments, 95 of these.

In addition, the number of employees that result from the IoT Market and Industry domain,

that's 342,000 employees and exceeding to become even a larger number.

Overall, the gross value,

613 billion was created due to IoT technology in North America,

typically talking about the United States of America and also Canada.

Looking at the IoT market and industry,

in trends where we have consumers in blue and the business in orange,

then one that you can see,

that maybe is a little bit surprising,

is that the aggregated combination of this is based on IoT unit installed,

that the overall consumer domain is larger than the business domain.

What that means is that

these individual components that individual customers are buying and

using aggregates to something more than

the overall core business is actually using itself.

This shows that there is so much more of a larger potential.

Talking about it, blue ocean market for the future,

definitely this right here,

especially in the consumer domain.

Because when consumers decide that they want something to change,

there's a new product out there that can add on to the value

of what they do or make the work that they do easier,

then evidently, not just one but in the numbers

of hundreds of millions to billions of people will want it,

need it, get it,

and make their lives more efficient and more effective.

So, therefore, when you think of it,

this blue line representing the consumers in number of IoT units install,

is in fact a blue ocean itself in the future of the market and industry domain of IoT.

Continuing on, IoT endpoint spending.

Naturally, because it's an endpoint technology,

there are more business-oriented uses and more business

or industry-based applications than individual users you might think.

However, even that trend,

look at it right here,

compare to the business line that you see right here,

the overall individual consumer line crosses over here at this point.

Then, afterwards, you can expect for this to separate even wider.

In addition, look at the values that we have here.

This is in units of, over there, millions.

So, the base number here,

right here, the lowest number six,

466, this six, is six million to start off this number right here.

So, these numbers are truly significant.

In the ranges of hundreds, thousands of trillions,

and beyond is what we're going to expect as we go

into the future and as this line goes up and up and up,

and we get more services.

We're talking about that level of a domain

where we're going to go into a market that is assuming to

be in the range of hundreds of trillions within the range of about 2030.

Extending this line, think of what will happen in the future if this continues.

It is expected to continue in that trend.

So, take more attention to this course, join with me,

so that we can lead the future of technology, business, and industry.

Here we go, continue on.

The domain, IoT market and industry,

dividing into three segments,

connected apps and process,

which have smart consumers and users,

as well as smart enterprise inside of its domain.

Then we have connected intelligence,

which has smart data and smart cloud technology inside. Just wait.

Smart data and smart cloud,

this is talking about big data engines,

aggregating and collecting various types of semi-structured,

unstructured, as well as, of course,

structured data, bringing it in together, filtering it out,

picking the key values that are necessary,

the keys and the values,

from various big data technology,

weighting them on what is more important,

and then extracting useful information out of it.

Therefore, big data engines naturally include machine learning,

artificial intelligence engines in various ways to make data

smart such that we can extract core information and we can control everything.

In order to host this large size of data,

then put meaning to it,

and then extracting what we need to do into the future,

we definitely need cloud support.

Cloud computing.

What do you mean smart cloud?

What is in a smart cloud?

Typical things as supporting the infrastructure, the platform,

as well as various functional software to enable applications to run,

that is what cloud computing does.

I know I'm making it a little bit hard to

understand without giving you the details, but don't worry.

In the following modules of this lecture,

I'm going to dedicate more to focus on cloud computing itself.

As you know, this course is about IoT,

wireless technologies, and cloud computing.

Of course, I will get more into the details of this in the following module lectures.

However, for now, just consider smart cloud needed, and here we go.

Connected edge, what's an edge?

Well, think of this.

Connected on autonomous things.

Connected and autonomous things.

This means that we are having new objects,

new things, new entities that are connected to the mainframe infrastructure,

that are receiving intelligent information and guidance,

and also they are operating automatically based upon what they were told to do,

where small decisions, immediate things that they need to do are

preprogrammed so that they are safe and stably and reliably operated.

However, the overall scope of what and how they need to

do things are guided by an overall larger scale system,

as well as human control and monitoring.

That is what we mean by this.

Think of smart cars,

self-driving cars on autonomous vehicles as autonomous things.

They're connected into a overall gross structure

which has intelligent transportation system,

an IT system in which there are roadside units and on-board units.

The on-board units are on the vehicles, the smart bike,

the smart car, the smart truck,

the smart motorcycle, the smart train.

These type of things have on-board units that are the smart device control,

overall brains of the autonomous moving vehicles.

Then, connecting them together with

the roadside units that are connected to the intelligent transportation system mainframe,

that provides navigation control,

traffic control, safety features,

as well as emergency features to support things like ambulances,

fire trucks, police cars,

and other support features that are needed.

All that comes together with being connected and then having self-controlled things.

That is what we are talking about connected edge.

That means that you're connected all the way to

the edge devices that are providing direct services to human beings.

That was what we mean by connected edge.

In addition, in order to support something connected on autonomous things, we,

of course, need a smart network that will connect us to the edge,

and that is what we have.

Why is this important?

It's connecting it to the edge.

Isn't that what a network is supposed to do?

Does the network have to be smart?

Yes, it's about like this because the network type will change stage by stage by stage.

The technology and network type,

as well as the protocol, control module,

security domain that you use in

the core network that connects countries through satellite,

through ocean optical fiber cables,

and then you connect it within your country,

all the way connecting cities and cities together that are

hundreds or tens of kilometers miles away from each other,

then the technology that you use to connect within a city, within a region,

or once you go into the region,

what type of technology will I use to connect inside of my building,

inside of my factory,

inside of my school campus?

All of these are different networks.

They have different protocols.

They operate different ways.

They are secured and manage and administrative in

different network entities and some network groups,

connecting this altogether such that they work homogeneous.

Just like they are one overall connected network that

has the same protocol and everything is uniformly operated and maintained,

that is a miraculous combined group of technology that needs smart support.

Because once again, in the future that we're talking about the IoT market and industry,

these things of IoT are going to all move around.

Switching what network they are connected to consistently,

in that case we need smart networks.

What do you mean they're going to be moving around as switching?

Well what if I had a smartwatch,

a smartphone, a smart tablet in my pocket,

a smart belt, and smart shoes altogether,

along with my smart augmented reality glasses.

Then if I move around all of these will move around with me.

Based upon their support service that they

need from various clouds and various network domains,

they will be connecting two different entities receiving different support.

For example, when you look at my smartphone,

the primary connection maybe to the mobile communication network,

but if you look at the smart tab that's in my pocket right here,

this may be connected through Wi-Fi,

such that it's providing services broadband through Wi-Fi various technologies.

What Wi-Fi various technologies?

Is there more than one WiFi?

Of course there is,

and that's what you're going to learn in this class,

as well as there are a variety of bluetooth technologies,

and yes, just wait a couple more modules

later in this course and we'll cover all of that.

So, there are such a diverse range of technologies

that need to be controlled in an intelligent way.

That's why we need smart networks right here.

Going on into this domain where we have connected apps and processes,

you see such a wide variety of things here.

Going into the first one,

smart consumer and user.

Number one, we have facilitative reality.

Google Glass and Microsoft,

these other companies supporting these various products.

What do you mean by this?

We're talking about augmented reality.

We're talking about mixed reality or partial virtual reality combined techniques.

Such that you can provide guidance to where to go,

entertainment on wherever and whenever you want it and you need it.

That's what we're talking about here as in terms of facilitative reality.

Then we have connected homes.

Connected homes is a concept where the IoT modules within your home are

connected to a cloud that is being

monitored and supported by whatever support services you want.

This may be linked to things like

what type of food supplies am I lacking in my refrigerator,

or in my cabinet space.

I would like that to be automatically

ordered and the supplies to be delivered to my home.

When the supplies are delivered to my home,

I may not be at home,

so I want them to be stored in

a secure place that has the right temperature control and pressure and

humidity control until I get home to take them out and put them

into the cabinet or my refrigerator when I want to do it,

in based upon the convenience that fits my schedule.

That's what we're talking about having connected homes, smart homes.

Then we're talking about connected cars.

Connected cars, what more can I say on autonomous vehicles.

Smart vehicles, smart cars that drive around themselves,

or even if they don't drive around themselves,

then you are driving it but various techniques such that

support you from not going out to wrong places,

they are looking ahead of you to prevent accidents.

They're looking ahead of you such that you don't violate

various crossroads and signals so you don't get ticketed,

and you can keep your license,

and you don't get fined.

In addition, all of these type of

security mechanisms as well as automatic driving systems.

In addition, support services that are once again connected to

the intelligent transportation system backbone network, ITS frame,

which supports you through roadside units or roadside equipment and you

have devices on your vehicles that are onboard units or onboard equipment.

So, then we have the next domain that is called smart health.

Smart health, what more can I say,

you already know what this is.

Monitoring your pulse.

If you have blood pressure issues,

then monitoring your blood pressure.

If you have diabetes issues,

then measuring the diabetes level of your blood,

hopefully without blood samples,

and there are new technologies that do that.

More and more the better.

In addition, what about your heart rate,

overall sweating, nervous level,

are you going to blackout?

What if you do blackout,

can you automatically call for help?

What if you are choking?

What if you have a heart attack?

What if you have high blood pressure and your are expecting a seizure,

and you're worried about it and you want to have

immediate ambulance support to support you?

Well, that is what smart health is going to do.

Then shared economy.

Of course you know that your health conditions are

connected to what you purchase and what you buy and what you need to buy.

In addition, when you make your own operations,

or when you make purchases,

or when you do business to business, B2B decisions,

or B2C, business to consumer based decisions,

you need to run your Infra,

and you need to take advantage of the shared economy technologies which are based on IoT.

Going further into this actually jumps you directly into the domain of smart enterprise.

Smart enterprise services go all the way that take

what we've already talked about into a deeper level of supporting business,

administrating it, making sales,

and then actually making the things, manufacturing industry.

Here we go. Transportation. When we talk about

transportation of course we're talking about the block right above is connected cars.

If you want to have your smart car connected,

you have to have a smart car.

If you want to have your smart car connected to the intelligent transportation system,

the overall network, then you have to have an intelligent transportation network.

Having all of this is what is supported in the transportation business.

In addition, mass transportation businesses,

that we're going to talk about when it comes to supporting things like Uber technology,

and various other things.

We're going to soon talk about those in target services very soon.

For now we go on to retail.

Talking about smart enterprise for retail.

The IoT market and industry.

Well, this is just so obvious.

This is the first thing that we've been seeing for such a long time.

That nothing really exciting.

We already know that it's coming,

it's going to become even more common and general everywhere to everything,

and then we're going to be using it every day.

Naturally retail.

What are we talking about?

In part, this is talking about logistics of getting

the right products that are going to be sold at the right place at the right time.

In addition, not more or not too less,

just the right amount.

In addition, not only logistics,

what are we going to do if we cannot get that delivered to a person at a store.

What if we need to deliver it to their house,

or their home, or their business?

Then all that combines into here,

such as companies like Amazon, Walmart,

they're doing such great businesses in doing IoT based smart enterprise retail.

Continuing on: Building and construction you think of

this area and then well building, what about IBS?

Intelligent Building Systems, these are the new trend of

buildings that have the HVAC system like the heating,

the air conditioning, the lightning as well as

the entire infrastructure all tied together such that resources are not wasted.

It is warm enough,

it is cool enough,

it is humid enough,

it is dry enough,

it is bright enough to do the right things at the right place within the building.

However, you're not wasting resources and you're keeping the infrastructure

safe and also you're preventing weird accidents as well as crimes from happening.

That is what we're talking about when you talk about a smart building,

an Intelligent Building System, IBS.

Then of course, if you want to have an IBS you have to construct it,

you have to make it.

If you want to have an intelligent bridge that

prevents accidents, that prevents skidding,

that's prevents various multi collision accidents of vehicles and things like that,

that controls the overall friction as well as the condition of

the roads and the lightnings based upon various conditions of having freezing conditions,

raining conditions as well as fog,

then all of this needs intelligent technology.

When you build it you have to put it in for it to work properly

and that is what we're talking about smart enterprise based construction technology.

Let me go onto manufacturing,

already we have it listed here but also manufacturing becoming smart.

Well, smart factory based technology in other words not

making everything and then sending it to places hoping that it will sell.

Why not just make everything exactly

customize to what users want and then have it delivered to their home within a few days,

in a perfect matching with

additional accessories added to it that perfectly fit their needs and their desires.

Then you can save time effort and material of

making things that will not be sold so you can prevent waste of resources,

you can prevent waste of storage area because once you make something that doesn't sell,

you're going to have to save it somewhere in a storage area until you

can sell it at a dumping price, at a super sale.

Well, how do I avoid all of that?

Typically manufacturing, smart manufacturing is what this is talking about.

Then we go into oil,

gas and energy of course.

Energy consumption smart meters,

not the original gas and

electricity meters that you're talking about that are just analog,

that are just showing what's going to happen,

what has been done is recorded, no.

Actually making predictions of future usages,

controlling the amount, making sure that you don't waste energy.

Having the smart meters connected to your home,

connected to your business, connected to the rooms is basically what we're talking about.

In addition, oil and gas,

oil and gas, think of it this way.

Electricity is a little bit easier to turn on and turn off,

basically not exactly is it easy to control at the overall plants that generate energy.

These entities are so large,

it is difficult to turn these on and off and they take time of course.

However, the delivery system of electricity is relatively

controllable at certain joints and units that provide you with a controllable access.

However, when you talk about gas and oil,

these fluids or gases that exist are not exactly as easy to control their flow dynamics,

because once again they are based on a fluid type operation characteristics and

having smart enterprise controlled services that are these oil and gas entities,

making them smartly controlled provides you with,

number one, you're delivering your needed resources to locations that needed.

In addition, when they are not needed you can stop the flow and

use whatever is leftover to support other regions that do need it.

Think about it overall,

the sun comes up and the sun goes down,

the resources we need in the daytime,

in the morning, in the afternoon and night as well as

the resources we need while we're sleeping they all change.

In addition, where we are all changes as well,

so giving the right resources at the right time where they're needed,

when they are needed in the right amount is exactly what we talking about in oil, gas,

energy spark enterprise services and then we have healthcare,

smart enterprise based healthcare.

Typical things that you can expect are that patients are

preventing various accidents and also insurance companies are saving money.

In addition, what we have in our overall system

that we have multiple hospitals that we may be going to and

our overall information that we have at

one hospital or the overall prognosis that was made based upon the symptoms

that were revealed at one hospital are saved and moved over to

a Cloud and the data is in a form that is inter-operable with health data,

as well as the doctoral system or the doctoral assisting system that

Medical Doctors use to make prognosis of how to cure a certain disease,

how to treat a certain person based upon their certain symptoms at a later time,

at a later place and in order to do something like that you need to

have your old files saved in a Cloud and

delivered to other places based upon different data formats that may be used at

that hospital or that medical service system or at the insurance companies.

Then in order to inter-operate with all these different databases,

all these different protocols,

all these different software platforms then that is

where health care services that are being smart can help you.

Then we go to smart data,

data has many types and when you're talking about data there are

basically the format that already has

a structure like the type of data that you already have in your database.

If you're using like a Microsoft Excel file then you open it up,

you open a worksheet and then you start putting data

inside then you need to put data in there the right way.

If you put something in wrong then the Excel worksheet will not take it in,

it will show up as either an X sign or a dash sign or non-acceptable

or some type of other symbol that shows

that it is inappropriate to have that value there.

This is the type that we call structured data,

in other words data that's already in a database.

Data has to be in the right format,

in the right range and then it needs to be

placed in the right place of the overall database,

it needs to be placed in the right column and the right row.

However, not all data is like that actually,

almost all data is not like that until it is formed into that type of a structure,

that data is call structured data.

The other types of data that exist as in terms of what we have from our pictures,

from our various other documents as well as what we

exchange as messages and other type of characters

on our social networks services or when we go to

something like Google or Yahoo or some other place and we search a certain keyword,

then what we're looking for does not have the right format.

Then this type of data is called unstructured data

or if it has a little bit of structure that may be acceptable,

we call this semi-structured data.

Changing unstructured data and semi-structured data into a database in

which we can extract massive amounts of hidden information from it is what big data does.

I have a separate course that is called big data emerging technologies that is in

this specialization in which teaches you

about the further details of Big Data technology.

I highly recommend that you take that course if you're interested in this domain.

In that course, various aspects of business

as well as what is being done and how it's being done as well as

various big data engines and how they actually operate and

their characteristics and architecture are all discussed within that course.

Next is data security.

Smart data. Data has to be protected.

Data has to be moved around in small cases as well as individual files,

but also in some cases data files need to be moved around in

massive sizes where the entire database or a part of a database is moved around.

There are various techniques that support big data engines to move

big files around from one place to another with various levels of security.

Things like Flume and other techniques are what support that.

Data security is very important,

especially some data that we have needs to be protected

at levels at much higher degrees of protection than other.

That is why data security is so important and

new techniques as well as new venture companies that

build intelligent or deep learning

based security I will talk about that soon in my next lecture.

We also have artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques

that can do various things.

This is a new era of artificial intelligence,

machine learning, deep learning techniques.

I have a separate course in Coursera that is called deep learning for

business that talks about various AI and machine learning,

and deep learning technologies in much more detail.

However, right now AI and machine learning techniques are used everywhere.

Not just once or two instances they are used everywhere from the data collection,

from the data concentration,

from the data aggregation to the data formats exchange,

changing visual data into text,

changing text into voice, audio,

and then changing one video information format into a different video format.

It is used everywhere.

AI and machine learning is the source of what we have as the word smart.

Even on this page you see smart data and smart cloud on the left side.

What is making it smart?

It is big data technology,

artificial intelligence, and machine learning.

So, this AI and machine learning applies to

everything and everywhere and especially to Internet of Things technology.

Smart Cloud. You need a Cloud and we

are going to talk about clouds in much more detail in this course.

Not in this module, but in following module.

So, in the following weeks when you study

the later modules of this course we will talk much more about cloud computing.

However, what do you mean by IoT supported Cloud?

Why is this so important?

It is definitely like this,

IoT modules need intelligent control.

They are going to collect various types of sensor data

in massive amounts and deliver it to a cloud.

The cloud needs to filter out the important things, make intelligent decisions,

and then control the IoT modules,

in order to get the type of services we want,

where we need it in the form exactly that fits our needs.

In order to do that we need a cloud technology.

This is because especially IoT devices are not all going to

be equipped with the full support of decision-making and data processing.

In addition even though they may be equipped to process

the data that is created or delivered to that device,

in order to make really intelligent decisions,

you need to combine your data with the data of a larger scale.

Looking at what other devices are seen in that area.

Looking at what's happening to the environment or

other surrounding places like if you're a student,

what's happening in the school? Or other schools.

If you are at your business and office and you're doing your professional work,

what is happening in related areas that are going to

influence my personal business or my line of work?

You need intelligence information combined and collected.

So, even if your device is able to process and

make intelligent decisions alone in its on stand-alone mode,

that will not be accurate enough to help you to become as

fully functional or smartly operable as you really want it to be,

that is where smart cloud technology needs to be supported.

However, in a lot of cases,

your IoT module will not have that type of intelligence.

It will be normally very low process in terms of

processing capability and it will have just limited scope of what it is sensing.

Then, in order to combine and make intelligent large-scale

macroscopically collected information based intelligent decisions,

you need a smart cloud, and that's why smart cloud and IoT technology go hand

in hand and that is why this course is about IoT and Cloud computing.

Cloud life cycle.

This is talking about extending the life cycle of your IoT devices,

IoT market, and service domain through cloud computing technology.

There are so many ways that this can be done.

Just looking at the surface,

if your IoT devices are turned on and turned off at the right time such that they are

saving energy in the meantime and the overall IoT domain that you are governoring,

or monitoring, or administrating has

a longer life cycle where you do not have to exchange batteries or

switch components because the lifeline of your overall IoT network that

you are controlling is well in the ways that it is saving energy then,

you are extending the value of it,

in addition you are saving additional infrastructure investments that need to be made.

Win-win-win in every way you look at it.

Typical things that can be accomplished are based upon this.

In addition, event and cloud integration.

Various things happened in event-based scenarios,

and then cloud computing technology integrates this and

helps you make intelligent decisions because if events

occur and things change in the environment

or basic domain of how services need to be provided,

then you need to make intelligent decisions,

and in a lot of cases systems are not programmed

with every possible scenario on how to respond and how to control.

Basically when something unexpected occurs,

you will need to make an intelligent decision.

Your system will need to make an intelligent decision and

respond to whatever problem or whatever issue needs to be responded to.

That is what basically various technologies are needed. Data center.

Once again, we are talking about cloud computing,

where we are collecting data.

We have multiple databases based on data types that are

collected into an overall data warehouse which is located at a data center.

How do we control this?

In addition, various things that are included inside that need

to be controlled various modules as well as various stored modules,

the overall data center itself needs to be monitored and controlled,

because it is one super big data center that

is filled up with computers and memory units and a ton of

networking that connects it altogether and a huge power supply and of

course air conditioning and various other sensors to prevent water sprinkling,

humidity levels, and various other accidents from occurring.

In order to do that you need tremendous technology to support your data center,

and having that Smart of course is

a smart way to invest and protect the resources that you already have.

Data security.

Already we've been talking about this,

but in a Smart Cloud once again,

this is where all the important information is.

Naturally, it becomes a place where hackers would love to

penetrate and to ransomware type attacks,

or denial of service based attacks,

or just secretly go in,

compromise the system, make it a zombie computer,

and extract important information.

Either way whatever it is,

you do not want it.

You do not want your cloud to be contaminated or attacked or being spied upon.

How do you protect that? That is what you need.

IaaS, this is Infrastructure as a Service.

In cloud computing, we have basically three fundamental service modes that is,

this one Infrastructure as a Service,

the one on your right which says PaaS,

which we will soon talk about,

that is Platform as a Service,

and then we have Software as a Service, SaaS.

So, IaaS is supporting what we're talking about is infrastructure and that is it.

In other words processing capability as in terms of

databases as well as networking, security,

massive levels of connectivity that you are not able to access however,

through your cloud connection,

the cloud connects you.

The cloud provides you with

infrastructure interfaces that you get to use that are not yours however

through your cloud services that you are

subscribing to your able to use these massive resources.

That is what infrastructure as a service is.

PaaS is platform as a service.

Whatever platform technology that you do not have including database access and

processing capabilities and various other domains

of platform services that you do not have,

one example could be like your operating system.

You need various operating systems on

various computing platforms as in terms of Microsoft, Linux,

Unix, Ubuntu, various other operating systems need to work on

various cases of processing systems and they need to access various types of databases.

What will provide you with that?

Well that is PaaS,

that is platform as a service, and there's more.

Then we have connected and autonomous things.

We've already talked about this,

but in specific domains there are wearables.

Where we have wearable devices that we have and they

support various healthcare, various services,

various transportation devices as well as protecting you,

protecting your equipment, protecting your children,

that's what these are about.

Vehicles. Fundamentally, having vehicles with smart intelligent IoT supported technology.

You have one symbol here that's Uber.

And we're going to talk about more about Uber as one of the domains of

connected and autonomous things that are supported through our smart IoT technology.

Then, we have drones.

This is a drone era.

The number of drones that you see right now are going to

increase in massive amounts of number and portion and

they're going to play a wide range of services that are

not being supported right now through drones or other robotic technology.

This is one domain that is going to be your own autonomous things, domain,

in which various things are delivered or

various things are taken away or rescued or monitored or governed.

This is where drones will become

very useful as well as essential components into our IoT domain.

Robotics, of course.

Robotics in various domains.

Drones are a part of robotics, however,

robotics also are talking about various other components.

There are so many different types of robotics that are supported.

And these domains can apply to us in microscopic levels in mems technology

that are used to help our small computing devices to

wearable devices to even implants that we put in our bodies.

In addition, large-scale robotics that work at factories, smart factories,

that are working in various transportation and logistic movement type industry levels,

all that is included.

Machines, of course, you need machines.

And these machines have two domains.

Some of them are mechanical and infrastructural but some are also

microelectronical and some exists on both domains like MAMS technology,

which have both micro-level of

electronics and micro-level of mechanics combined together.

These could be used to combine even larger mechanical infrastructure systems.

Here at Mill as well as other companies that

drive various smart machines are all a big part of that.

We're going to talk more about this in our following lecture.

Smart networks.

Once again, internet of things, IoT,

is based upon the fact that everything is connected to a network,

that is connected to the bigger network,

the mother network, the internet.

Therefore, connecting to the internet gives you access

to everything in almost everywhere.

Therefore, smart networks, once again, is a necessity.

It is something that drives and connects and make IoT possible.

VPN and network security.

Network security, I've already talked about.

But in addition, virtual private networking, what is that?

Well, various companies and buildings and

talking about the above boxes which are drones and robots,

you may want a separate private network controlling

your drones and robots because you don't want other people to monitor,

to use your resources,

to defile your quality of service level that you're receiving,

that may incorrupt your overall services,

may create delays, may hack your system,

you do not want that and many many services especially luxurious-based services,

high protective services, expensive protective services, want private networks.

In reality, it is very expensive and very difficult to provide your own private network.

So, that's where VPN kicks in.

This is a virtual private network.

It's really not your private network.

It is a public network.

It is a shared network.

It is a hybrid network that has a large capacity supporting many many users.

However, if you configure it the right way,

such that you have a dedicated connection that is protected at a certain level,

where your quality of service support is provided in

a very reliable and secure and monitorable and administratible way,

that is what we're calling a virtual private network.

It is virtual in the fact that no,

it is not a private network,

it is your own shared network.

However, you are getting all of the private network features

that you want and you asked for and you're paying for,

that is why it's called a virtual private network.

It is on a common platform,

a shared network, however,

you get all of your private network features

through virtual special smart network technology.

Ethernet wired.

What can I say?

We are connected to Ethernet networks.

These Ethernet networks are what connect our computers and

our Wi-Fi units and

our Bluetooth access points and things like that to the backbone network.

And every building, every home,

every school will use some parts of Ethernet network connectivity that are wired.

That connect your TV, that connect your personal computer,

that connects the access point that is

enabling you to use Wi-Fi in whatever region you're using.

This Ethernet technology is so important.

And it is based upon wire networks that is why still Ethernet wire networks are showing

such good growth and utilization and they will

become an integrated key component of smart networks,

so they are very important.

Platforms. You see platforms in various other services, this is unavoidable.

IoT devices have various platforms.

And new platform that is really easy to use,

versatile, that will dominate the market,

everybody's looking for something like that.

And if you have a good idea and a good way to support it,

then evidently you have a good chance of making a big run in

owning a big part of the blue ocean of the IoT industry and market domain.

Here, we have three icons in here.

I will talk about further details of this,

later on in my following lecture.

Satellite technology.

Eventually, this is the ultimate long haul

wide area network connectivity, no matter what,

being able to communicate from one side of the world to the other side of the world,

being able to communicate from one continent to another continent.

Satellite communication provides you with services that

you can not find in any other technology ever.

Satellite communication also provides you with location-based service support,

as in terms of providing light GPS,

global positioning information which provides you with your longitude and latitude,

information that you can find your position,

you can find your location,

so that you can use various location-based services, LBS technology.

So, automatically satellites will play a huge role in smart networks

because all smart networks are connecting things on other continents,

other places throughout the world.

And satellite communication provides one domain of

wireless connectivity in a versatile way that is used in so many different applications.

Then we have Wi-Fi.

Wi-Fi technology is one of the protocols that are

the most widely used wireless technology in the world.

It is so popular.

It is on every smartphone.

It is on almost every Ethernet network has an access point that connects Wi-Fi overall.

Also, think of your smartphone.

On your smartphone, you have mobile communication,

you have Wi-Fi and Bluetooth,

that is the common three technologies that support

wireless and mobile connectivity to your smart device.

Wi-Fi is a default option.

Sometimes you may not have mobile communication.

Sometimes you may not have Bluetooth.

But if you have a tablet,

a laptop or some device,

almost guaranteed you will have Wi-Fi.

So, Wi-Fi is so important.

And yes, we will talk about this.

We have a separate module that will focus on this.

In the broader scale for IoT service technology,

we will talk more about this in the following lectures.

These are the references that I used and I recommend them to you. Thank you very much.

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