THE RIGHT TO MOBILITY, A FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN RIGHT

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En provenance du cours de Sciences Po

International migrations: a global issue

55 notes

Sciences Po

International migrations: a global issue

55 notes

ABOUT THE MOOC : INTERNATIONAL MIGRATIONS: A GLOBAL ISSUE Catherine Wihtol De Wenden - CERI CNRS/SciencesPo ABOUT THE COURSE The world is moving, but not all opinions and governments are willing to accept this poorly understood reality. The issue affects both states and the planet, in a process of globalization and of regionalization of migrations, and raises new questions for international relations, now including the South. This course aims at improving knowledge of the subject, addressing the key issues raised by international migration, and assessing the trends of tomorrow. FORMAT The MOOC lasts 7 weeks and focuses on various themes related to migration. It makes use of various types of document, such as maps, news articles, and scientific papers. The text is in English and the videos are in French with English subtitles TEACHERS Catherine Wihtol de Wenden is Research Director at the CNRS (CERI) and teaches at Sciences-Po. She has been a consultant to many international organizations, notably the Council of Europe and the Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees. From 2002 to 2008, she led the "Migration" research group of the International Sociological Association. Author of some 20 books, and having conducted many field investigations, she also teaches at the Sapienza University of Rome. COURSE OUTLINE Session 1: Globalization of migration Session 2: Refugees and environmentally displaced persons Session 3: Europe Session 4: France and international migration flows Session 5: Citizenship and migration Session 6: Borders Session 7: Right to mobility and global governance

À partir de la leçon

Session 7: Right to mobility and global governance

THE RIGHT TO MOBILITY, A FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN RIGHT4:38

Rencontrer les enseignants

Catherine Wihtol De Wenden
Research Director
Sociology - Political Science

"International Migrations: a Global Issue"

Catherine de Wenden, CNRS research director: CERI - Sciences Po.

-Freedom of movement is something

that the global migration governance particularly pushes for,

but it is also at the heart of several contradictions.

One contradiction is that major immigration countries,

especially the European countries and the United States,

have liberal economies,

while also having a heavily security-based approach

to border management.

How to reconcile a market economy

where all factors or production are liberalized

with borders which are closed to people?

This is the first contradiction.

Another contradiction is that these countries consider themselves

defenders of human rights

while migration management often leads them to violate human rights

on their own territory

or in the regions the migrants originate from

or where the migrants are deported to. This is a second contradiction.

Third, there are various phenomena stemming from interdependence.

Here are a few examples

which illustrate how things could be improved

by an efficient governance of international migrations.

Let us consider development policies.

For instance, the price of cotton is set by the WTO

and it can have a catastrophic effect on the migration flows.

Some producers receive subsidies from their countries,

in the United States, for instance,

or work within a state production, as is the case in Uzbekistan.

In other countries, producers receive nothing

and depend on the price of cotton, as is the case in Africa.

Most of the time, when the price of cotton drops,

internal migrations increase before becoming international

because cotton has lost its worth.

Another example are the economics of coffee.

To develop some of the departure countries,

the World Bank and the IMF decided

to support coffee production in Vietnam

but did not realize that the low salaries in the country

would create competition for other major coffee producers,

such as Central America.

The development of coffee in Asia had disastrous effects

on the mobility of Central American coffee producers

who started migrating toward Mexico, and then the United States.

Another example is the Asian presence in Africa.

Asian countries consume a lot of fish, which leads to overfishing,

which in turn deprives African fishermen of their resources,

leading them potentially to migrate.

If they exploit raw materials

and if the local population are not able

to exploit their own raw materials,

this will create even higher unemployment than already exists.

Another element in this context,

is that if all infrastructures are built by Asian countries

in exchange for the exploitation of raw materials,

the population will not have access

to the construction industry which is created there either.

The goal is also to reflect on interdependence.

Another example are simply international relations.

When the International Coalition between the US and Europe

went to Afghanistan,

nobody realized that six million people would leave Afghanistan.

Did they go to the US? No, they went to neighboring countries or Europe.

The same thing happened in Iraq.

An unforeseen consequence was the hemorrhage of the population.

So these multilateral management mechanisms aim

at introducing these complex elements,

at recognizing that migration is a factor of human development

and at avoiding negative effects

caused by a reflection based on very narrow scopes of competence

without taking interdependence into account,

which can have unexpected effects on migrations depending on the region.

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