This is Healthcare Marketplace Specialization Healthcare Marketplace overview. I'm Steve Parente and this is module 5.1.4, Key Issues for the 21st Century. So the issues that are germane for the 21st century when we think about technology and population and health and lifestyle really all come together to determine what kind of health care system we are going to have globally. When we take a population, we are really talking about how the population is growing and changing in terms of disease, all those demographics. Technology is talked about, medial technology devices, pharma, biotechnology, all those elements even help IT sort of falls in that space. And lifestyle is really just how do we live our lives. And then the three things represented here, basically food, smoking, and sin. Well at least in alcohol for some cultures. So, let's get into this a little bit more. If you think about the production of health for any given individual, it's really a combination of four things to come together. Demographics, simply what state are you in? What level of income are you in? What state of economic development might your society be in? And that actually varies across the United States, too, not every place is really doing super awesome. There's lots of variation across the United States. We've talked about before, lifestyle behavior. That can really change a bit if you're very sedentary, that'll affect your health. We know that. Genetics plays a huge role. Sometimes you win the genetic lottery, and people can live for a very long time. My grandfather for example lived til he was 99 years old, who came from rural Italy. His mother, who spent her whole life basically in a village that didn't have electricity til 1967, lived to 102. Medical care plays a major role, but it's just a piece of the puzzle. And really if demographics, lifestyle, and genetics are going against you, medical care might not necessarily be the thing that's going to always help you. So when we compare a major demographics issue, which is the aging of the population. There's sort of three slides to go through to sort of show you where things are heading. This is looking at the US population in 2000. We have men, we have women, we have the number of population that's here across different age spectrum. And then you can see that there's a few more females than men, but for the most part it's largely up here. You can see the baby boomer population sort of in the middle here, at least in the year 2000, pretty much firmly in their 40's and 50's. Now when we get to 2025, lot of things start to get more interesting here. First of all, the fertility rate that is we're not having as many babies and we are living a lot longer. So a lot more people at 85+. You can still see the boomlet or baby boom sort of moving its way now through here. There was a little boomlet that that baby boom created later that are really kind of the, not Gen Xers, but more Millennials, but not replacement, and then what gets more disturbing Is when you get to 2050, and current projections assess we're going to have a lot of folks that make it over the age of 85, but in terms of replacement, it's just not quite the same place. And the burdens that could come from this population are pretty substantial. So people talk about medicare going bust for example as a program for elderly. What you have to understand is when you go back to sort of a state of the world where 865, only 10% of the population would make it there. It's a different state than where we are here where many people are going to make it past 65 and then 85. One of the great ironies of the Medicare program was that Lyndon Johnson, who was the president when it was passed in 1966, never actually made it to the age of 65 to take advantage of it. He died when he was 64 years old. This concludes this module on global trends in the healthcare marketplace.