本课程根据外国学生学习汉语的特点，比较系统地介绍了汉语的主要语法，像词类、句子成分、单句、复句、篇章、表达方法，等等；着重指出了外国学习者学习汉语语法的难点和重点，并通过大量有针对性的练习，帮助学习者去掌握、运用，从而提高学习者的汉语水平。 According to the characteristics of the foreign student learning Chinese, this course systematically introduces the main grammar of Chinese, such as part of speech, sentence constituent, single sentence, complex sentence, discourse, expression method. This course emphatically points out the important and difficult points in the foreign student’s Chinese grammar learning, and through a large number of targeted trainings, the course helps learners to master and use, thus to improve Chinese level of the learner.
课时2：疑问代词的特殊用法
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En provenance du cours de Peking University
现代汉语核心语法
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第二讲 代词、数词和量词
第二讲主要包括以下语法点：（1）代词的类别和作用；（2）疑问代词的特殊用法；（3）数词的类别；（4）数词的作用；（5）量词的类别及量词、数量的重叠式；（6）数量作状语带“地”问题。
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Defeng YangProfessor
School of Chinese as a Second Language
二• 疑问代词的特殊用法。 II.Special usage of interrogative pronouns.
（一）用于反问句 例如①烤鸭谁没吃过呀？ (I) Used in rhetorical questions example①Who did not eat roast duck ah?
这个烤鸭谁没去吃过呀，不是说问的哪个人没有吃过烤鸭，它的意思是什么呢？ In this sentence, it is not asking which people have not eaten roast duck, what does it mean?
烤鸭谁都吃过，它是一个反问句 例②我哪儿知道他什么时候走的？ Who did not eat roast duck ah? It is a rhetorical question. Example ② how do I know when he's going?
这个哪儿问的不是地方，它不是问的地方，它的意思是我不知道 它是一种否定，他什么时候走的。
The “na er” (how) is not asking the place, but tell the people that I don’t know
It is a negation. when he was going.
也就是说它是一种反问句 （二）表示任指 In other words, it is a rhetorical question (II) refer to general denotation
①我们班的学生谁都会说汉语。 ①Everyone in our class can speak Chinese.
这里边的"谁"，这一个句子里的"谁"是什么意思呢？ 它是指任何人的意思，任何一个人。 What does the “shui” (everyone) mean here? It refers to anyone, everyone.
例②什么时候都可以找我 这个什么时候是任何时候的意思，所以呢它表示什么呢？就是任指 Example② you can find me in any time. The “shen me shi hou” means any time So what does it refer to? General denotation
[空白-录音] 那么"谁……谁……""什么……什么……""哪儿……哪儿……""怎么……
[Blank-recording]
Then” shui…shui…”“shen me…shen me…”“na er…na er…”“zen me…
怎么……"等也能用来表示任指。 Zen me…” etc. can be used to represent general denotation.
例如：第①例 谁想去谁去。 For instance: example①“shui xiang qu shui qu”.
就是 它的意思就是任何人想去任何人都可以去，是这样的意思。 It means that anyone who wants to go can go.
所以是一种 任指。 Hence, it is a general denotation.
第②例：什么时候有钱，什么时候再买。 Example②: you can buy it when you get money.
就是任何时候有钱任何时候 都可以买的意思，所以呢它也是一种任指。 It means that you can buy it anytime when you get money. Therefore, it is also a general denotation.
第③例：放假了，想怎么玩 就怎么玩，也是一种任何方式玩都可以的。 Example③: it is holiday, you can play whatever you want to. It means that you can play in any ways.
所以呢都是呢表示任指 但是它有个特点，就是两个两两的搭配地使用 So it is also a general denotation. However, it has a feature that is used in pairs with two
注意，我们看一下下面两个例子，我们先看第①个例子，你喜欢吃什么 就什么吃。 Pay attention, let us have a look at the following two examples. Example①, you can eat you like whatever.
这个句子我们说是错误的 错误在什么地方呢？就是这个什么的位置不对，正确的说法应该是 This sentence is wrong. The position of “shen me” (whatever) is wrong. The right expression shall be
你喜欢吃什么，就吃什么。 you can eat whatever you like.
也就是吃 什么，这个什么应该放在吃的后面，而不应该放在前面。 That is to say, the “shen me” shall be placed after “chi” (eat).
第②例 哪儿有意思，我们就哪儿去。 Example②, “na er you yi si, wo men jiu na er qu”.
这个也是错误的 这个哪儿呢不应该放在去的前边，正确的说法应该是 哪儿有意思，我们就去哪儿。
This sentence is also wrong. The “na er” shall not be placed before “qu”. The right expression shall be na er you yi si, wo men jiu qu na er.
也就是说哪儿应该放在去的后面做宾语 （三）表示不定指 That is to say that “ne er” shall be placed after “qu” and used as an object (III) refer to non-Identifiable reference
疑问代词"谁""什么""哪儿"等还可以用来指不确定的人或事物等 例如：今天晚上我想跟谁去看电影。
The pronoun "shui"(who), "shen me"(what) and "na er"(where) can also be used to refer to people or things that are not sure
For example: I want to go to the movie with “shui” (who) tonight.
这个句子里 "谁"是什么意思呢？"谁"是指不确定的人 What does “shui” mean in this sentence? The “shui” refers to a person who is not sure.
它相当于什么呢？"某人"，是这个意思。 What does it equal to?“Someone”, that is right.
第②例 现在已经十一点了，咱们去饭馆吃点什么吧。 Example②, Now it is eleven o'clock, let's go eat “shen me” (something) in the restaurant.
这个里面的 "什么"呢，这个里面的"什么"呀 The “shen me” here
也是指不确定的东西，它相当于是什么呢？"某东西，"某东西"" also refers to things that are not sure.What does it equal to?“Something”
第③例的，这个人我好像在哪儿见过。 Example③, I seem to see this person somewhere.
这个"哪儿"也是指"不确定的地方，" 相当于是什么呢？"某地" The “na er” (somewhere) also refers to the place which is not sure. It is the same as “somewhere”
（四）表示虚指口语中，人称代词他有时并不指具体的人 (IV) Imaginary reference In spoken language, the personal pronoun of “ta” sometimes do not refer to specific people
只起着衬字的作用，例如 我也吃他一个苹果。 Only play a role in setting off, for example, I also eat “ta”an apple.
这个例子中的他呀不是指人，而是虚指 The “ta” here does not refer to people, but an imaginary reference
也就是说他指的这个东西是没有什么东西，是一个衬字，起着一个帮助的作用 That is to say that the thing mentioned here refers to nothing. It only plays a role in setting off.
第②例，咱也看他一次。 Example②, we go to see “ta” at once.
这个看他一次，这个"他"呀也不是指人，也是虚指，所以它也起着一种帮衬的作用 The “ta” does not refer to people as well, but an imaginary reference. Hence, it also plays a role in setting off.
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