This part of the module is dedicated to maritime connectivity, and more precisely to UNCTAD Liner shipping connectivity index. The presentation will be shared with Jan Hoffmann, also from UNCTAD. Let me start with some motivation. Actually, maritime transport is really at the core of international trade. UNCTAD estimated that around 80 percent of the volume of goods exchanged in the world are transported via sea. The predominance of maritime transports is explained to a very large extent by an exponential intensification of containerized transport services. In a very recently published paper, Bernhofen and co-authors focusing on North-North trade, found that the average treatment effect of containerization corresponded to an increase in trade close to 800 percent. The corresponding figures for membership to the GATT and WTO is only about 300 percent, so that really makes the point about the importance of maritime transport and the necessity to look at it more precisely. Some other study also tried to estimate the share of transport cost in trade values or also look at the determinants of the later. In a famous 2003 paper, published in the American Economic Review, Anderson and van Wincoop found that transport costs could correspond to an average a valorem tax equivalent of 21 percent. In a recently published paper, Arbish and co-authors found that the major determinants of these transport costs were a maritime transport connectivity and logistics performance. Their estimates were based on the bi-lateralization of the SCI. That is the index developed on maritime line of shipping connectivity developed by UNCTAD and that will be discussed later on. So, the estimates of our quarter were based on the bi-lateralization of this index, as the index is unilateral in scope. So it's country specific. So despite the fact that we found a very strong impact of maritime connectivity on transport costs, very little is known on the bilateral basis. So connectivity is well Informed, unilateral needs, a country, how a country is connected. Very little is said on country per specific information. So UNCTAD has tried to fill the gap by producing a truly bilateral line or shipping connectivity index, that is called the liner shipping bilateral connectivity index, LSBCI, building on its long standing liner shipping connectivity index, the LSCI. So, the rest of this part of the module will be organized as follow, my colleague Jan Hoffmann will talk about the LSCI. So the unilateral index, the country specific index. Looking at history, data explaining the characteristics and the properties of this index and also discussing some stylus facts. I will then talk about the bilateral version of these LSCI, also it's not completely identical type of information which is contained in the bilateral index, trying to explain why we wanted truly a bilateral LSCI, talking again about the data. Although we found that the information is provided exactly by the same source. I will also talk about the characteristics of this index and its properties and discuss some stylus facts to finish with.