Global Health challenges at the human-animal-ecosystem interface by Rafael Ruiz de Castañeda

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En provenance du cours de University of Geneva

Global Health: An Interdisciplinary Overview

126 notes

University of Geneva

Global Health: An Interdisciplinary Overview

126 notes

This course proposes an overview of current global health challenges drawing on the insights of several academic disciplines including medicine, public health, law, economics, social sciences and humanities. This interdisciplinary approach will guide the student into seven critical topics in global health.

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The Environment, Sustainable Development and Health

In this module we consider the relationship between the environment, sustainable development and health.

Global Health challenges at the human-animal-ecosystem interface by Rafael Ruiz de Castañeda8:03

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Rafael Ruiz De Castañeda
Institute of Global Health - Faculty of Medicine
University of Geneva
Antoine Flahault
Professor of Public Health and Director of the Institute of Global Health (Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva) and co-Director of Centre Virchow-Villermé (Université Paris Descartes)
University of Geneva and Université Paris Descartes – Sorbonne Paris Cité

[MUSIC]

The 2014 Ebola epidemic in West Africa,

with more than 10,000 deaths and almost 30,000 cases,

has strongly highlighted some of our major deficiencies.

Deficiencies in the local and global health governance and

our fundamental understanding of the interactions existing between animals,

between humans, and ecosystems, and the root causes behind the emergence and

spread of this type of diseases in the context of global change.

Global change including climate change, including urbanization,

massive population growth, biodiversity and habitat loss,

habitat fragmentation, is reshaping the ecological interactions

between human populations and animal populations and their ecosystems.

Interactions, ecological interaction, and

socio-ecological interactions are becoming more complex.

And also there are are new interactions that are racing and

becoming important in the context of global health.

Back in 2008, a paper was published by Jones and collaborator in Nature,

showing that the number of emerging infectious diseases events have been

growing during the last decades concomitant with global change.

Emerging infectious diseases event include SARS,

Ebola, avian influenza among others.

And when we look at them more closely, we see that these events

have an important origin in wildlife.

Most precisely, 60% of the emerging infectious diseases are zoonosis,

which means that they are transmitted from vertebrate animals to humans.

And when we look at the zoonosis closely,

we see that more than 70% of them have their origin in wild animal populations.

So in this context it is absolutely necessary to bridge the links and

to establish collaborations among different disciplines, among experts in

the human medicine, among human health, but also animal and ecosystem health.

So we have to bridge links and collaboration between medical doctors and

health professionals, veterinarians, and other health professionals in the animal

sector, but also ecologists, animal ecologists, zoologists,

behavioral ecologists, conservation biologists, etc.

So, and it is exactly here where the so-called One Health approach comes in,

but what is the One Health approach?

The One Health approach is based on the fact that human, animal, and ecosystem

interactions are extremely important for health and for global health.

Human, animals and ecosystem health are interrelated, and

by creating this interdisciplinary and intersectoral collaborations,

we can actually tackle health problems at this interface more effectively.

And gain an added value from these collaborations that can be demonstrated

in terms of economical benefits, in terms of a gain of time, or

also organizational benefits.

The One Health approach is not new, just think about Pasteur.

What is important today is that the One Health approach has gained

a lot of prominence in global health and in the global health agenda.

Let me just give you some illustrations in the recent history of One Health.

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