And we have also a fourth category,
which is quite different from all the others,
which is called openregionalism,
which is not organized through institutions,
which does not target overcoming national sovereignty,
but which is protecting national sovereignty,
but which is promoting an active but a free cooperation,
bilateral cooperation inside the arena.
It’s for instance the case for APEC.
It’s very difficult now to define
how these four models are able to coexist
when they are competing,
but it’s also very difficult to say
which one is the winner.
The first one is an old-fashion one
and probably not able to develop
now in the global world,
but it’s not quite clear
that the three others are really efficient.
And this is my second point:
beyond the conceptual crisis,
a real political and social crisis,
which is dramatically affecting
the regional integration process.
Ladies and Gentlemen,
I think that regional integration is now in crisis
everywhere around the world,
and I will discriminate between
three dimensions of this crisis.