الصراعات الدولية الجديدة كمعضلة في إنشاء جداول الأعمال الدولية

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"Espace mondial" الرؤية الفرنسية للدراسات العالمية

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Sciences Po

"Espace mondial" الرؤية الفرنسية للدراسات العالمية

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حول هذه المادة التدريسية لكي نفسّر كيف أن العولمة تعيد بناء السياسات العامة والسلوكيات الاجتماعية، ندرس التبادلات والتفاعلات بين مختلف الجهات الفاعلة السياسية والاقتصادية، والاجتماعية - العامة أو الخاصة، الفردية أو الجماعية- والطريقة التي تعيد فيها صياغة العلاقات الدولية. هذه المادة التدريسية تعتمد على المقاربات السوسيولوجية والتاريخية الفرنسية العائدة للعلاقات الدولية. وهي متوفرة أيضاً في نسخة باللغة الإنجليزية (www.coursera.org/learn/global-studies)، وأخرى باللغة الفرنسية (www.coursera.org/learn/espace-mondial-fr)

À partir de la leçon

الحرب والسلم

إن خصوصية الصراعات الدولية الجديدة تفترض معالجات جديدة.

الأصول الأوروبية عن حرب كلاوسويتزين (Clausewitzian)11:03

ظهور نزاعات دولية جديدة15:59

الصراعات الدولية الجديدة كمعضلة في إنشاء جداول الأعمال الدولية10:45

Rencontrer les enseignants

Bertrand Badie
Professor
Marie-Françoise Durand
Professor
Jana Jabbour
Lecturer

[MUSIC]

How to face the new international conflict, that's the question.

How to manage them, how to contain the threat, how to try to solve them.

These questions are very tough and

present political actors know the diplomats

are really able to bring very serious and

new answers to these questions and

this is probably why we are not really able to rule our new world.

If there are new conflicts,

it's because there is a new kind of international violence.

It's no more political, classical, interstate violence,

but an international violence which is coming from societies,

which is produced by social actors.

If we want to take into account this new international conflict,

to have a new vision and the more efficient vision to this conflict,

we have to give priority to the social parameters and

to leave aside the classical

interstate parameters.

We have to go back to the main factor of these new conflicts.

That's to say, the lack of social integration.

This new violence takes place where

social integration is weak, takes

place where the human development indicators are particularly low.

If you compare the map of conflict of new conflict and

the map of the human development integration, you will see the coincidence.

You will see that the same zone are at stake.

So we have to focus on this lack of social integration.

We have to understand why there is such a poor social integration.

Why the traditional social links are no more working?

The main point is to consider

this new conflict as leading to war societies.

As I briefly mention in my previous lecture.

What is a war society?

The war society is, first of all,

a society in which war is lasting.

If you look at the present conflict,

could you imagine that the conflict in

the Democratic Republic of Congo is 55 years old.

The Somalian conflict is 30 years old.

The Afghanistan conflict is 40 year old.

That's to say, we are facing a new kind of conflict in which people,

the major part of the population, don't have,

never lived In a peaceful situation in which people

were born during war, grew up during war, and

die during war, that's to say war is getting

the trivial situation of their daily life.

This is the first characteristic of the new conflict and of the war society.

War society is also a society in which the institutional integration is low.

That's to say, a society in which state doesn't work,

a society in which social contract doesn't work,

in a society which is deprived of state authority and

which is deprived of social contract has to find other kinds of authority.

In a war society, warlords and militia are providing

the minimal authority which is needed for working and an efficient society.

The third and the most important point is war society

is a society in which the human needs are satisfied by war.

That's to say, food security, health security,

education, socialization, respect, dignity, are provided by war.

This seems to be a paradox, it's a terrible paradox.

But how can we explain the success of mobilizing child

soldiers if we don't take this factor into account?

That's to say, if so many children go to militia, go to army,

in this new international conflict, is it because they know that they will be able

to find food, to find shelters,

to find dignity and respect?

In participating into the militias.

That is an awful and dreadful situation but

however it's now a common situation.

That's to say, this war society is

re-organizing to social links around the world.

War is providing economy.

War is providing social security.

Social solidarity.

War is providing social statutes, what the current and

traditional society is not able to do.

That's why now containing the new international conflict

implies to substitute to this war society, a real civil society.

The question is simple.

How to move from a war society to a civil society?

How to contain this transformation of societies into war societies?

Is it by using military instrument?

The experience has shown that military instrument is

powerless for containing this transformation, and

even military instrument is worsening the situation.

If you mobilize,

if you use military instrument against wars societies you fuel the war society.

You reinforce the war society.

War society needs to be fought through the military instrument for

reinforcing its own legitimacy and its own authority structure.

So the ways are double.

First of all, reinventing diplomacy.

Diplomacy has to invent new instruments, new vision.

New vision which will be able to include

the social parameters instead of ignoring them.

And new diplomacy which would be able to bridge with non-state actors

instead of deciding that there is no way for us talking with non-state actors.

It's exactly the contrary.

As we are facing new kinds of conflict, our first priority must be to

find a way for bridging relations with these non state actors for

creating, initiating a new kind of negotiation.

And a transaction with them, and the second way

is to consider that new international conflict implies social treatment.

If the new factor of war is to be found in the social reality,

the solution is also to be found in the social reality.

That's to say, is through a transformation of

those pathologic societies that we have a chance

to find resolution or beginning of solution.

If the lack of social integration either rail factor of the new international

conflict, we have to work on the condition of social integration.

And to find a way to the new condition of reinventing social links,

reinventing social civil society.

It's true this reinvention of Syrian society,

that will be able to solve these very dreadful sequence of our east.

[MUSIC]

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