حول هذه المادة التدريسية لكي نفسّر كيف أن العولمة تعيد بناء السياسات العامة والسلوكيات الاجتماعية، ندرس التبادلات والتفاعلات بين مختلف الجهات الفاعلة السياسية والاقتصادية، والاجتماعية - العامة أو الخاصة، الفردية أو الجماعية- والطريقة التي تعيد فيها صياغة العلاقات الدولية. هذه المادة التدريسية تعتمد على المقاربات السوسيولوجية والتاريخية الفرنسية العائدة للعلاقات الدولية. وهي متوفرة أيضاً في نسخة باللغة الإنجليزية (www.coursera.org/learn/global-studies)، وأخرى باللغة الفرنسية (www.coursera.org/learn/espace-mondial-fr)
الصراعات الدولية الجديدة كمعضلة في إنشاء جداول الأعمال الدولية
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"Espace mondial" الرؤية الفرنسية للدراسات العالمية
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الحرب والسلم
إن خصوصية الصراعات الدولية الجديدة تفترض معالجات جديدة.
Rencontrer les enseignants
Bertrand BadieProfessor
Marie-Françoise DurandProfessor
Jana JabbourLecturer
[MUSIC]
How to face the new international conflict, that's the question.
How to manage them, how to contain the threat, how to try to solve them.
These questions are very tough and
present political actors know the diplomats
are really able to bring very serious and
new answers to these questions and
this is probably why we are not really able to rule our new world.
If there are new conflicts,
it's because there is a new kind of international violence.
It's no more political, classical, interstate violence,
but an international violence which is coming from societies,
which is produced by social actors.
If we want to take into account this new international conflict,
to have a new vision and the more efficient vision to this conflict,
we have to give priority to the social parameters and
to leave aside the classical
interstate parameters.
We have to go back to the main factor of these new conflicts.
That's to say, the lack of social integration.
This new violence takes place where
social integration is weak, takes
place where the human development indicators are particularly low.
If you compare the map of conflict of new conflict and
the map of the human development integration, you will see the coincidence.
You will see that the same zone are at stake.
So we have to focus on this lack of social integration.
We have to understand why there is such a poor social integration.
Why the traditional social links are no more working?
The main point is to consider
this new conflict as leading to war societies.
As I briefly mention in my previous lecture.
What is a war society?
The war society is, first of all,
a society in which war is lasting.
If you look at the present conflict,
could you imagine that the conflict in
the Democratic Republic of Congo is 55 years old.
The Somalian conflict is 30 years old.
The Afghanistan conflict is 40 year old.
That's to say, we are facing a new kind of conflict in which people,
the major part of the population, don't have,
never lived In a peaceful situation in which people
were born during war, grew up during war, and
die during war, that's to say war is getting
the trivial situation of their daily life.
This is the first characteristic of the new conflict and of the war society.
War society is also a society in which the institutional integration is low.
That's to say, a society in which state doesn't work,
a society in which social contract doesn't work,
in a society which is deprived of state authority and
which is deprived of social contract has to find other kinds of authority.
In a war society, warlords and militia are providing
the minimal authority which is needed for working and an efficient society.
The third and the most important point is war society
is a society in which the human needs are satisfied by war.
That's to say, food security, health security,
education, socialization, respect, dignity, are provided by war.
This seems to be a paradox, it's a terrible paradox.
But how can we explain the success of mobilizing child
soldiers if we don't take this factor into account?
That's to say, if so many children go to militia, go to army,
in this new international conflict, is it because they know that they will be able
to find food, to find shelters,
to find dignity and respect?
In participating into the militias.
That is an awful and dreadful situation but
however it's now a common situation.
That's to say, this war society is
re-organizing to social links around the world.
War is providing economy.
War is providing social security.
Social solidarity.
War is providing social statutes, what the current and
traditional society is not able to do.
That's why now containing the new international conflict
implies to substitute to this war society, a real civil society.
The question is simple.
How to move from a war society to a civil society?
How to contain this transformation of societies into war societies?
Is it by using military instrument?
The experience has shown that military instrument is
powerless for containing this transformation, and
even military instrument is worsening the situation.
If you mobilize,
if you use military instrument against wars societies you fuel the war society.
You reinforce the war society.
War society needs to be fought through the military instrument for
reinforcing its own legitimacy and its own authority structure.
So the ways are double.
First of all, reinventing diplomacy.
Diplomacy has to invent new instruments, new vision.
New vision which will be able to include
the social parameters instead of ignoring them.
And new diplomacy which would be able to bridge with non-state actors
instead of deciding that there is no way for us talking with non-state actors.
It's exactly the contrary.
As we are facing new kinds of conflict, our first priority must be to
find a way for bridging relations with these non state actors for
creating, initiating a new kind of negotiation.
And a transaction with them, and the second way
is to consider that new international conflict implies social treatment.
If the new factor of war is to be found in the social reality,
the solution is also to be found in the social reality.
That's to say, is through a transformation of
those pathologic societies that we have a chance
to find resolution or beginning of solution.
If the lack of social integration either rail factor of the new international
conflict, we have to work on the condition of social integration.
And to find a way to the new condition of reinventing social links,
reinventing social civil society.
It's true this reinvention of Syrian society,
that will be able to solve these very dreadful sequence of our east.
[MUSIC]
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