A Strategy for Sustainable Urban Mobility - The ASI-E Framework

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En provenance du cours de École des Ponts ParisTech

Electric Vehicles and Mobility

41 notes

École des Ponts ParisTech

Electric Vehicles and Mobility

41 notes

The purpose of Electric Vehicles and Mobility is to help you, whatever your profile, your training or your country, find your own answers to questions such as: - Will electric vehicles be the last to be allowed in megalopolises in the 21st century? - Does the environmental gain from vehicle electrification justify heavy investment in charging infrastructure? - Are electric vehicles only for wealthy people in developed countries? This course will allow you to acquire elements from engineering science, sociology, environmental science, political science, economics, management science, in order to evaluate, analyze and implement the diffusion of electric vehicles where their use is relevant. This MOOC is the English version of Mobilités et véhicules électriques; in the lecture videos, the teachers speak in French, nevertheless their presentation is in English and English subtitles are available. Groupe Renault and ParisTech schools have been working together for almost 15 years on topics related to sustainable mobility. Together, they created two Master programs (Transport and Sustainable Development in 2004, Mobility and Electric Vehicles in 2010) and the Sustainable Mobility Institute Renault-ParisTech in 2009, to support ongoing changes. Electric Vehicles and Mobility is the result of this shared history and was developed from a course delivered within the Master Mobility and Electric Vehicles, led by Arts et Métiers ParisTech in partnership with Ensta ParisTech, Mines ParisTech and École des Ponts ParisTech.

À partir de la leçon

Chapter 8 - Electric Mobility for All: Utopia or Obviousness

<p>Introducing this MOOC, we asked whether electric vehicle is only for rich people in 'the North'. This chapter explicitly aims to help you to build your answers to this question. It will first discuss the possible diffusion of the electric vehicle in the Bottom-Of-Pyramid markets, that is to say the poorest (though, unfortunately, most numerous) population categories. It will then discuss the possibility for the countries in 'the South' to go straight to electric mobility, without going through the same historical development of thermal mobility as the one that countries in the North have experienced. We will therefore analyze the conditions of a leapfrogging in the field of mobility like that which has been operated in the telecommunications field where the cellular phone has been deployed in countries that have never deployed an extensive wired network.</p><p>A last interview of an expert from Groupe Renault will conclude this course on a discussion of the business model of the electric vehicle that would allow mobility for all.</p><p>Finally, you will find the graded assessment for both chapter 7 and 8 in the following section. This evaluation concerns only the videos <em>Lecture</em> and is required to obtain the certificate.</p>

A Strategy for Sustainable Urban Mobility - The ASI-E Framework10:17

Supporting Electric Mobility in Developing and Emerging Countries9:09

Rencontrer les enseignants

Émeric FORTIN
Head of the Master in Transport and Sustainable Development
Direction of Studies, École des Ponts ParisTech
Virginie BOUTUEIL
Researcher
LVMT (City Mobility Transport Lab), École des Ponts ParisTech

-Everyone is talking

about electric mobility. This topic is unavoidable

in view of urbanization and sustainable development issues.

However, as we will see it,

electric mobility is just a solution among others

to contribute to the so-called sustainable mobility.

This first video will focus on sustainable mobility.

Electric mobility itself will be addressed in a second video.

Together these two videos offered by the French Development Agency

provide coherent overall perspectives.

Today's world faces two challenges: a demographic explosion

and the fight against climate change. In this context,

ensuring the conditions for a global sustainable urban mobility

is a major issue of our century. In this video, we will see

that this challenge can be met. The current path can be changed

and our cities can be transformed to achieve this goal.

Since 2005, for the first time in history,

more than half of the global population lives in cities.

Today, this level reaches 54% and should reach 70% in 2050.

By then, UN-Habitat estimates that the global urban population

could go from 4 billion to 6.8 billion inhabitants,

increasing by more than two thirds.

These figures can make our heads spin and perfectly illustrate

how big a challenge will have to be taken up in terms of urban mobility.

Urban mobility is simply the daily life of each and every one of us.

It is a factor of populations' quality of life.

Mobility and urban transports are fundamental components

for the sustainable management of a territory.

To ensure a sustainable, inclusive and economically-efficient development,

the main issue is to limit the congestion which paralyzes cities

and which increasingly brings air pollution, CO2 emissions,

and road congestion.

Let us get back to some figures

and current trends that must be changed.

2 to 5% of the GDP for each urban area is the equivalent

of the socio-economic cost congestion in cities.

This rate can reach 10% in some cities.

7 years is the very short period during which the private car fleet

doubles in developing countries.

2.3 Gt of CO2 equivalent per year is the global emission level

due to urban transport. This figure could double by 2050

according to a do-nothing scenario.

Most major urban areas in developed countries

have ordered public transport networks and institutional frameworks

that can meet transportation needs in cities

and try and hold back the use of private vehicles.

These systems have been gradually implemented

and required very heavy investments over decades,

mainly financed by public funds. But they are fragile

and require constant attention, investments and innovations

to increase or at least maintain the modal share of public transports

and non-motorized modes in cities.

The issue is a bit different in emerging and developing countries

where the task is huge in a context where the persons' mobility

rapidly increases as economy develops.

Emerging countries progressively adopt mass transport systems

and pursue, sometimes successfully, institutional reforms

required to improve the performances of this sector.

The efficiency of the implemented policies mainly depends

on the resources allocated to the sector but also first and foremost

on the degree of political will.

Indeed, rapid and sustainable transformation projects of the sector

are always carried by visionary and committed decision-makers.

As for developing countries, in most cases public authorities

have neglected the sector for decades. The global trend is seeing a decline

or even, in some cases, the end of institutional public transports,

which means organized by public authorities.

It is gradually replaced by independent transport

also called informal transport. Informal transports offer

a replacement transport which spontaneously and usefully

meets the transport demand in cities but in a disorganized way.

More generally, cities in developing countries face many crossed issues.

The latter are largely detailed in the relevant literature.

It is now urgent to react to change these trends

and create conditions for a more sustainable mobility.

The current transport systems must be improved

and alternative solutions to private vehicles must be proposed.

Space- and carbon-saving solutions with a higher capacity

that are also affordable and adapted to the needs of all the inhabitants,

including the most vulnerable.

It is necessary to invest for these populations right now

in adapted, efficient and environment-friendly solutions

according to an integrated planning. Fortunately, today there is

an actual awareness and many encouraging initiatives emerge

in developing countries.

The development partners unanimously acknowledge that urban mobility

is a driver for development

at the service of sustainable development goals.

Development partners are international financing institutions,

like the World Bank, regional development banks

such as the African Development Bank and bilateral development agencies

such as the French Development Agency at which I am employed.

Initiatives in favor of sustainable urban mobility contribute

to the achievement of several sustainable development goals or SDGs

that have been adopted by the UN General Assembly in September 2015.

Furthermore, the transition towards low-carbon transports is unavoidable

to hold back the planet's temperature rise according to the commitment

signed during the Paris Agreements on climate in 2015.

Today, the traditional approach which consists in more road space

and new road infrastructures to meet transport needs

has demonstrated its own limitations today.

An alternative approach is needed to solve the current transport issue.

It implies the implementation of sustainable mobility policies

in favor of public transports, non-motorized modes

and the improvement of the transport energy efficiency.

Development partners act hand in hand

and recommend a holistic approach.

Today, they all acknowledge a strategic framework:

the Avoid, Shift, Improve, Enable framework, or ASI-E,

which has emerged over the last decade.

This framework is a combination of coordinated measures

that create the conditions for a sustainable urban mobility

at the service of the quality of life and economic development.

Avoid: reducing or holding back the need for travel in urban areas

thanks to a better planning of urban fabric and mobility.

It is based on urban densification especially along mass transport axes

and stations. It defines the compact city or transit-oriented development.

Shift: promoting the modal shift towards public transports

and non-motorized modes, thus efficient and low-carbon modes.

Improve: improving the energy efficiency of vehicle fleets

especially by making good use of the significant

technological progresses and improving the quality of service

of existing and future public transport systems

to gain attractiveness.

Enable: this dimension has been added as a second step

because it is essential to support the first three.

It is a question of adding a better governance

and an appropriate institutional framework

which enables public authorities to elaborate and implement

mobility policies at a local and national level.

This part also recommends the adoption of innovative financing mechanisms

and the well thought through involvement of the private sector.

There is an abundant literature describing the possible measures

according to the ASI-E framework. There are many examples

illustrating innovations and good practices.

Many publications related to this topic can be accessed online.

Furthermore, the current revolutions offer very promising possibilities.

It is a question of technical, digital, energy revolutions

and the evolution of usages and practices.

Initiatives such as ASI-E require technical and financial means,

capacity development and the exchange of good practices.

Beyond the financing of projects, the support of development partners

takes the form of initiatives to support the transformation of cities

in developing and emerging countries

such as Sustainable Urban Mobility for All,

developed under the aegis of the World Bank,

or Mobilize Your City

on the initiative of the French Development Agency

and the German GIZ.

Climate change puts economies, societies and ecosystems at risk.

In order to reduce these diverse risks, it is necessary

to take measures to strongly reduce greenhouse gas emissions,

mitigation measures, while adopting measures to reinforce

the resilience to climate change effects, adaptation measures.

During these few minutes, we have noted that urban mobility

and the adoption of a more sustainable model is at the heart

of our century's concerns.

There is an actual awareness that we must urgently change trajectories.

It is possible and some cities currently do it or already started.

We can rejoice in this first step but the hardest part is yet to come

since it is about a massive and systematic realization in actions.

We will remember is that mobility is a driver for development

at the service of sustainable development goals.

That mobility policies are levers to fight against climate changes.

The ASI-E is its framework and is unanimously recognized.

Finally, the sector is on the verge of technological revolutions

with benefits that should be exploited to maximize

the impact of urban mobility policies.

In this context, electric mobility, especially collective,

has a growing place in the current considerations.

The role of electric mobility in the sustainable mobility scenarios

in developing cities will be developed in a second video

offered by the French Development Agency that I invite you to watch.

Thank you for your attention.

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