[inaudible]. So I will be providing an overview on the Middle East and North Africa region, to describe the context of drug policies and harm reduction response. The Middle East and North Africa is a diverse region with a lot of economic disparities between countries, as well as cultural and religious differences and beliefs. We can describe our region as being highly volatile and we've recently had a very highly unstable political environment with a number of ongoing conflicts in countries such as Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, and Yemen. The surroundings of these countries have been highly affected. We've witnessed a refugee influx into surrounding countries and mostly mainly low and middle-income countries that have already poor resources. So as can be expected, political and funding priorities for the region have been shifted towards the humanitarian crisis. This has affected the development of drug policy and the harm reduction response. We've limited political commitment towards this response in the region, where only seven out of 20 countries explicitly mentioned harm reduction for people who inject drugs within their national strategies. We also have, as I've mentioned before, a region that is highly influenced by religious beliefs, religious leaders, and cultural leaders, and this makes it very hard for governments to show widespread support for harm reduction and drug policies such as the decriminalization of drug use, even though at some instances they do agree with it and they do want to support this cause. Drug use is criminalized in most countries of the region. Possession of paraphernalia and possession of drugs is also criminalized. So we see a large number of people who use and inject drugs incarcerated in the region, mostly for drug use, but also sometimes for possession of syringes. In countries where needle and syringe programs are operating unofficially, but with the unofficial support of the government, so we see a lot of contradictory issues. Harm reduction services are limited. We've got needle and syringe programs in only 10 out of the 20 countries, and opioid substitution therapy and treatment in only four countries out of the 20 countries in the region. Even in the countries where these services are available, often the coverage is insufficient to meet the needs of the population. Life-saving naloxone is limited to hospitals, in countries that do allow it, and this makes it very unaccessible for people who use drugs because they often fear getting reported. They fear going to the hospital in cases of overdose because they are reported to the police. Political commitment in our region is crucial. Without it, the already limited services that we have are jeopardized, and we've seen a lot of examples in which developments in this field have been reversed because of a small political change or a change in government official or an unofficial change of opinion or support towards these programs. We want to avoid this. In order to avoid this, we need to make sure that we incorporate the harm reduction response into national strategies. We need to make sure that we ensure policy reforms to decriminalize drug use. In order to do that, we need to have a supportive political environment and we need the political commitment to do so. One positive example I can give is in Lebanon, advocacy efforts with the government have recently allowed the ministry of health to issue an official letter to all hospitals in the country, prohibiting them from reporting any overdose cases to the police. This has greatly helped and drug users with overdose are increasingly going to receive naloxone in hospitals. Then, out of the small experience, a new collaboration was done and it was a managed to include the peer distribution of naloxone into the national strategy in Lebanon and we hope to see a peer distribution program, the first of its kind, rule out before the end of this year. These are examples of small reforms that we would like to see replicated in a lot of countries of the region. Well, we need to strengthen capacities of communities, community groups, and networks to continue advocating for harm reduction and making such changes. We need them to continue to push this issue on the agenda of our governments, because their priorities do not lie in harm reduction or drug policies. We need funding to continue to do so. We need to maintain these advocacy efforts, we need to maintain the limited service we already have, and we need to scale up these services to meet the increasing needs, not only among populations of these countries but also among the displaced populations and the refugees throughout the crisis that we are witnessing. Opportunities that we've and that we hope that we can build on to continue this work, include the recent incorporation of key population needs into the Arab Aids Strategy in collaboration with the League of Arab States. This is at a very high regional political level. Other collaborations at the national level and that are really needed, include collaboration and coordination with government officials at the country level. So what I would like to end with is saying that we need to work on all levels, whether it be regional, national, and local, on both reforming policies and maintaining services in order to try to improve the quality of life of people who use drugs in the very difficult context in which we find ourselves in. Thank you.