4.4 Introduction to Prototyping

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En provenance du cours de University of Pennsylvania

Design: Creation of Artifacts in Society

notes

University of Pennsylvania

Design: Creation of Artifacts in Society

notes

This is a course aimed at making you a better designer. The course marries theory and practice, as both are valuable in improving design performance. Lectures and readings will lay out the fundamental concepts that underpin design as a human activity. Weekly design challenges test your ability to apply those ideas to solve real problems. The course is deliberately broad - spanning all domains of design, including architecture, graphics, services, apparel, engineered goods, and products. The emphasis of the course is the basic design process: define, explore, select, and refine. You, the student, bring to the course your particular interests and expertise related to, for instance, engineering, furniture, fashion, architecture, or products. In prior sessions of the course about half of the participants were novices and about half had prior professional design expertise. Both groups seem to benefit substantially from the course. All project work is evaluated by your peers -- and indeed, you will also be a peer reviewer. This format allows you to see an interesting collection of projects while getting useful feedback on your own project.

À partir de la leçon

Week #4: Concept Selection and Prototyping

This module was created to help you understand the selection process so that you can choose one design for prototyping. You'll learn key techniques for evaluating your design concepts, including the selection matrix, and the scoring matrix. And once you've selected some designs, you will also learn the uses and value of prototyping. You'll explore how prototypes are used to answer questions, to communicate and to distinguish milestones in the design process, and you will also work through the prototyping process so you can begin building your own, which you will submit for peer review. By the end of this module, you'll have selected one or more design concepts for prototyping, built prototypes, and received feedback on them from your peers. You'll also get to see some of your peers' designs as well.

4.1 Intro to Concept Selection3:57

4.2 The Concept Selection Matrix12:31

4.3 The Concept Scoring Matrix4:21

4.3b Concept Testing12:19

4.4 Introduction to Prototyping6:12

4.5 Prototype Framework6:17

4.6 What are Prototypes Used For?9:18

4.7 Building Stuff5:20

4.8 Scoop Example - Making Prototypes7:38

4.9 Scoop Example - Testing Prototypes7:01

Rencontrer les enseignants

Karl T. Ulrich
Vice Dean of Entrepreneurship and Innovation
The Wharton School

I want to spend a few minutes talking about prototypes and prototyping.

I define prototype as an approximation of the artifact on one or more dimensions of

interest. Prototypes are used throughout the design

process. There isn't a specific prototyping phase,

because prototyping is a tool that's used in problem definition, in exploration, in

selecting a plan. So,

Let me just illustrate with an example some of the ways in which prototypes are

used over the course of the development of an artifact.

Remember that I told you about the discovery of piveten pipe seen concept

which occurred serendipitously when my seat post binder bolt broke while out

riding my bicycle. I was out riding with this product which

was existing artifact that I was trying out.

I was excited about the possibility of a pivoting bike seat.

And when I got home from that ride, I immediately began to create a prototype to

test that basic concept. I took a, this was that prototype.

I took the base from an existing bike seat.

I attached it to a scooter wheel, which gave me a pivoting mechanism.

I attached the scooter wheel with some screws to a piece of plywood.

And then I took some foam rubber and some fabric, and stapled it to the bottom of

the plywood. I then put some spring action in the seat

using a piece of rubber tubing. I was actually able to ride this prototype

for several days, long enough to verify that the basic approach had merit.

My next prototype was something that I. That was about the right size, and that I

thought would have the right dimensions for the, for what could eventually be a

refined product. And, I made this out of a block of

aluminum, that had two rails protruding from it, that could attach to an existing

seat post clamp. And I made it so that I could attach

different shapes of, of saddles. A foam profiles to the seat to try out

which shape would work best. I was encouraged enough by that, that I

decided that I need to answer the question of whether I was the only person out

there, who thought this was an interesting idea so I made ten, what I would call,

alpha prototypes, which were prototypes that I felt I could actually give out to

some other people to try. And I made these out of, these were all

custom designed parts for the purpose of the prototype.

This was not, This was not a production intent design.

So for instance you'll see that I. Built the seat structure out of.

An assembly of glued together pieces of plywood that had been laser-cut.

And. There's some short cuts for sure.

For instance, the saddle material itself was a piece of fabric cut from an old wet

suit that I had. Because I thought this nylon coated

neoprene would make a good saddle material.

Nevertheless, it was good enough that I was able to give ten of these Alpha

prototypes out to my friends. And enough of them liked it that I was

encouraged that maybe this could become a real product.

. I designed the actual production intent

artifact, and I then used a process called stereolithography to make a 3-dimensional

model of the plastic parts. That I intended to eventually be injection

molded. And those are shown here in this

photograph. And 3D printing of which stereolithography

is one example. Is a relatively inexpensive, quick way to

make a plastic part from a computer model of a design.

In order to verify that the basic geometry and function will, will work.

So I, I, I made some. 3D.

Printed parts. Tested those.

And you'll note in that photograph also, that even the parts that I intended to be

made of aluminum, I went ahead and, and printed in plastic, just so I could verify

the geometry. That led to being confident enough,

confident enough that I went ahead and spent the money to.

Build an injection mold out of manufacturer, in order to actually make

the, so called, tooling that's required to produce the artifact in higher volume.

This was the first sample that came back from the manufacturer, and it was pretty

good. It had two problems.

One problem was that the adhesive, Didn't work very well.

So, you can see I cut some holes here, in order to explore why the adhesive wasn't

sticking and experiment with some other adhesives.

I also didn't like the shiny staples here and so asked that those be changed to

black. That then led to the final production

product, shown here in its final packaging.

The product I ended up calling NexRide. And it's always an amazing thing, a very

exciting thing when you get the actual product in its finished packaging, ready

to sell. So, if you look back here at what's

happened, we had, let's see. One, two, three, four, five, six cycles,

six iterations involving prototypes that got us from the initial concept through to

a product available for sale.

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