[MUSIC] Last time, we looked at the emotional impact of color and language choices. Now, let's turn our attention back to story structure, by focusing on framing and format. We will deconstruct several data story examples along with the tabloid samples. We're going to look at an iconic visualization that has stood the test of time, and another recent data journalism piece. The classic example is Charles Joseph Minard's depiction of Napoleon's March into Russia, that has been hailed by some as one of the best data visualizations ever produced. You may already be familiar with this visualization, but we will examine it through the lens of storytelling. Like any great work, the depiction of the march has many levels to explore. Including where it literally bends some rules of convention to accomplish its purpose. We will also look at the story done by the San Francisco Chronicle investigating the impact of companies like Airbnb on housing costs. After this lesson, you will be able to discuss framing and formatting. And analyze strengths and weaknesses in data stories based on those considerations. Let's get started. Hi, and welcome back. Some of the design choices that you will need to make for data stories are very different from visualizations created to explore data. A data story is like a map with a predetermined route that's clearly marked out. While an exploratory data visualization interface is perhaps more akin to a compass. Helping the user to navigate through the data, but is less overtly prescriptive. In the case of stories, the goal is to lead audiences to a particular conclusion or set of conclusions. In the latter case of exploration, the point is to help users arrive at their own conclusions as quickly, easily, and accurately as possible. Now one of the first considerations for your data story, is how many frames or views do you want to use to map out your narrative? It might be an all in one or single view frame, a sequence of connected views, or perhaps it is multiple frames in one view such as a dashboard. I'm going to present a few different examples of data stories with different kinds of framing. We're just going to lightly touch on each one of these to give you a sense of them. And I would encourage you to look further in the resources in your own time. Some of these examples will be examined in more detail in subsequent lessons as well. Let's look at Minard's single view data story. It's a flow map in which the thickness of the color coded flow lines encode the number of soldiers in the campaign at any given point. The tan color signifies the inbound march and the black represents the return trip. You see a thick tan line starting off on the left roughly in the middle and culminating in a much narrower black line on the lower left. The story of the entire ill fated journey is captured in this one frame, with the number of soldiers in the invading army and the tremendous decrease of life from start to finish. For data stories presented within a single frame, the visualization approach really matters and needs to be in clear as compelling as possible, because that's basically all you've got to work with. By having a clear sense of the who, what, why, and how for your design checklist. You will be better prepared to know how to optimize your design layout, number of views, and so forth for your audience and be more efficient in your process. We will revisit this point in the walk through at the end of the module. In the meantime, we will look more closely at framing conventions and priming in our next lesson. Thanks for listening and see you again soon.