[MUSIC] As we wind down this course, we'll consider the different parts and elements that we've discussed across the entire field that represents the bilingual brain. We began with the idea of Ribot and the law of regression. His idea was that as people lost their memories, they would lose them in a certain order, with certain more fact-based things being lost first, slowly regressing towards simple words, gestures, and then essentially a loss of memory. We extended this idea to consider the nature of the age of acquisition in how a person learns words and how they learn skills. And also in how they learn languages, and how early and late learning differ, specifically this idea of there being a sensory motor type of processing associated with early learning and more of a cognitive or conscious type of processing associated with late learning. We progressed and considered the idea proposed by Petries that familiarity would play a huge role. His idea was that initially, the language that would be lost would be the one that was most familiar to the patient at the time of insult. We extended these considerations to other venues, things like chess, motor skills, face processing, and brought in to our thinking notions proposed by Anders Ericsson of deliberate practice, the 10,000-hour rule. Of course, proficiency plays a very large role in bilingualism, and we can consider how a more proficient language and a less proficient language are processed. And finally, towards the end of the course, we considered the idea of control, specifically the need to adapt to different situations, to use control in order to overcome what's termed by psychologists the preponderant response, the response that is most likely. And how bilinguals have to do this in order to activate one language and switch to the other language, and ultimately how this may lead to some benefits for those who have to switch from one language to the other often.
