Hello today we will discuss muscles of the upper limb. Our objective here is to name the major muscles and muscle groups and to describe their main actions. We see here two of you as an anterior view and a posture review of the muscles of the trunk and the shoulder will begin to discuss them in terms of their location and function. This is an anterior view of the chest wall, we see the large pectoral major muscle which abducts the shoulder. We see the large shoulder muscle, the deltoid which abducts the shoulder. And we see in the anterior arm the biceps which flexes the elbow. This is a posterior view of the back and shoulder. We see the triceps muscle which has numerous actions, but we can think of it in terms of the muscle that shrugs the shoulder. We see inferior to it the latissimus dorsl muscle which extends the shoulder joint and is prominent in swimmers for example. And we see the posterior part of the deltoid which wraps around the shoulder as we said previously is a principally an abductor of the shoulder. And we see the triceps on the posterior arm which extends the elbow. With the trapezius and deltoid removed, we can see some of the deeper muscles of the shoulder joint. We see superior to the spine of the scapula. We see the super spontaneous muscle which abducts the shoulder and inferior to the spine of the scapula. We can see the infraspinatus and teres minor muscles which laterally rotate the shoulder. This is an anterior view now of the shoulder with the deltoid and pectoralis major removed. And again we can see the supraspinatus passing over the shoulder joint as we discussed in an earlier slide. It's an abductor of the shoulder and then we can see passing anterior to the shoulder joint and attaching to it. We see the subscapularis muscle which is a medial rotator together the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis form the rotator cuff muscles. Which are important not only in terms of their functions which we've discussed, but the fact together they act to stabilize the shoulder joint. So the large muscles the pectoralis major, the deltoid, the latissimus dorsi are all able to do their work without dislocating the shoulder. We see a view of the muscles surrounding the elbow joint can we identify the biceps muscle? Now we can see two groups of muscles lateral group the extensive group which extend the wrist and the digits. And they a medial flexor group which flexor the wrists and the digits. We can see posteriorly the triceps inserting on the electron on of the alma. Now we look again at the wrist here and we for nomenclature remind ourselves that at the wrist the carpal bones as such are called the carpus. We see the metacarpal bones and then distantly, we see the digits. So keep these terms in mind as we discuss the specific muscles. Again we identify the forearm muscles we see laterally the wrist and digital extensors immediately the wrist and digital flexors. Again with posterior view shows us that these wrists and digital extensors of course around the forearm. To attach distillate to the wrist digits we see their distal attachment here we can see the sensor digital forum group. There are a group of muscles which act together to extend the digits. If we look at the anterior hand, we can see a group of critical muscles here called the thinner muscles. And these muscles are very important in functioning of the hand. It allows us to oppose our thumbs which allows us to grab things more effectively. So that a detailed view here of the hand shows the abductor policies, brevis and flexor policies brevis which are two of the three thinner muscles, I'll show you the third one shortly. And again between the metacarpals we can see the inter brevis and lumber core muscles which are important in functioning of the interphalangeal joint and the metacarpohalangeal joint. And I introduced again a definition here, the pollex is latin for thumb. With the abductor policies preface and flexor policies premised removed his next slide we can see the opponent's policies and its job is to oppose the thumb. So it's these three thinner muscles that allow us to make the okay sign. Then if you look at more detail of the digits we see that there the flexor digitorum group is actually two muscles. A flex your digitorum superficialis which goes as far as the middle phalanx and the flexor digital profundus which goes as far as the distal failing. So these muscles together allow us to allow us to flexor digits. going to ask you a quick little quiz here we've said that the infraspinatus, supraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapula wrist are the rotator cuff muscles, I'm asking you now to match their function? Think about that for a second. If she said that the infraspinatus and teres minor are lateral row taters, that's good. The subscapularis is a medial rotator and the supraspinatus abducts the shoulder, join these muscles stabilize the shoulder joint. Hold the human head into glenoid fossa, so that the large muscles the pectoralis major for example and the tere. And the deltoid do not dislocate the shoulder when they contract, so which muscles abduct the shoulder? Deltoid, pectoralis major, latissmus dorsi, supraspinatus, trapezius think about that for a second. She said deltoid and supraspinatus, that's good ,that's their job. Which muscle extends the elbow? Biceps, triceps, deltoid. If you said triceps that's good you recall that the biceps flexes the elbow and the deltoids main function is abduction of the shoulder. Flexor carpi radialis is in the flexor group of the forearm based on what you know of the hand, you would expect it to flex. The digits abduct to some reflects the risk. So if you remember that corpus means wrist you would have got the answer right recall that it flexor the wrist. There are actually two muscles they folexor carpi radialis and a flexor carpl narrows which together act reflects the wrist. Extensive digital forum is an extensive group of the forearm. Based on watching over the hand you would expect it to extend the digits, add duct a thumb or extend the wrist. Do you remember the digits means fingers? You would get the answer right that the extensive digital or extends the digits. Which of the following muscles are muscles of the thinner eminence? We call the theater eminences this bump on the thumb side of your anterior hand. Do you remember that the abductor policies preface affect your policies? Breakfast and opponents policies were in this group, that's good. There are muscles that have policy or policies is in their name these muscles. The abductor policies longest is a muscle in the extensor group of the forearm despite the fact that it abducts. The flexor policies longest is the muscle of the flexor group of the forearm. And the abductor policies is a intrinsic muscle of the hand but not a part of the in our eminence. Okay, thank you, we'll see you soon.