One cell express one receptor. And then, how would this cell, the connection to the brain? And then, there's another very important topic. And that, we have this different models about the organization. For example, the same color indicate they should express the same receptor. Then the organization of the system can be any of these three A, B, C. The first one, A, is actually the receptor, those neurons express the same receptor. They cluster in your nose. [FOREIGN] Okay? And then, also they're targeted to the brain, to the same location. And then, from the brain, there is one type of a neuron selectively connect to that region. This is kind of a specific, just like a telephone line, right? The second one is actually, okay, it's a different situation. The second proposal is, in the, in the nose, olfactory epithellium, those cells express different receptors. Actually, they're intermingled. [FOREIGN] Some magic will happen when these axons enter the brain. The magic is actually the same type of receptor-expressing neuron. They kind of find their own way to converge into the same location. [FOREIGN] This is a second hypothesis. Now the second one will be, okay, is that B. That means the cell expressed, even the receptors, they intermingled. But the targeting also is kind of intermingled together. The there is no kind of sorting happen. Yeah, to determine this thing actually is also quite, actually, so from Reacher Access lab. [FOREIGN]. Let's take a look. First, you want to actually look at actually the cell express, the same type of receptor, can cluster in your nose. Now, these, why we propose this kind of study, like in the visual system, as we said, and also in the auditory system, there's a map map. Do you remember? Like in the visual system there is a spatial map there. [FOREIGN] Brain region, right, it's a map, a spatial map. In the auditory system, there is a frequency map, all right? So apparently here, what kind of a map will they have? But here, this challenge to determine the map, because it's a chemical, what kind of features do they share? It's quite different from the sound, quite different from the light. Now, but people still kind of interested in this topic because based on the vision studies and the other studies. So if you want to determine this tissue then what you can do, quite simple. Here is like a,digestor uses an in situ hybridization. Use different approach for what, for different receptors. For example, here there are three types of receptor probe. And then what you can see? This is Drosophila. [FOREIGN] Drosophila are quite interesting. [FOREIGN] Now you can see the different receptor expression cluster. [FOREIGN] Although, [FOREIGN]. It's not so clear, okay? [FOREIGN] The pattern or image, you can't, [FOREIGN] But this is actually in the olfactory epithelium. You can check the distribution of these different cells and then the results is actually quite distributed, intermingled. Different receptor neuron, okay? How does the brain, how can you use, what kind of method to determine the brain, the connection? >> [INAUDIBLE] >> [FOREIGN] How you do it? You adjust the [INAUDIBLE] in one kind of olfactory neuron [INAUDIBLE] it's a map of this kind of receptor in [INAUDIBLE] area like that. You need another kind of [INAUDIBLE] to express [INAUDIBLE]. >> Good, okay, okay. Is it easy or difficult to do the experiments? >> It's difficult. >> Difficult. What's the difficulty actually, I don't know. Why is difficult, which part is difficult? >> [INAUDIBLE] >> [FOREIGN] >> [INAUDIBLE] >> [FOREIGN] Okay. >> [INAUDIBLE] >> [FOREIGN] >> [INAUDIBLE] >> [FOREIGN] >> [FOREIGN] That's actually from Reacher Access Lab. [FOREIGN] P2 receptor, the promoter. [FOREIGN] So you see the promoter, receptor P2, to make a receptor P2. [FOREIGN] This is in the notes, okay, epithelial. [FOREIGN] We talk about it, the same homing, right. [FOREIGN] [FOREIGN] One site, there are about 2000 of these Glomerulus. [FOREIGN] Very interesting. These axons go to the brain. They are targeted to your sights. One it just decide to get median. [FOREIGN] Side lateral. [FOREIGN]
