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Okay, so we've reviewed the product-centric approach to business.

We understand that for most companies, again those focusing

on performance priority, or operational excellence, it's all about coming

in with that blockbuster idea, reducing a lot of it,

keeping the cost down, and using appropriate metrics for it.

And we call that product centricity.

Now, we're going to start talking about some alternative

approaches, but I don't want to suggest that product centricity

is doomed to fail.

I don't want to suggest that all companies must move away from product-centricity.

I don't want to suggest that that's a recipe for disaster.

But I do want to suggest that there are some aspects of

product-centricity that make it not quite as great as it used to be.

So as you can on this slide over here, I

like to say that there are some cracks in product-centricity.

There are just a, a, a number of trends going on

today, things that didn't really exist say 15 or 20 years ago.

That make the product-centric approach just a little

bit less, guaranteed successful than it was back then.

In fact, I'd like you to just take a, a minute or two think about what

are some of the changes, today, compared to 15 or 20 years ago, that make product

centricity just a little bit different?

That take some of the shine off it, that

take some of that automatic kaching, away from being product-centric.

What would be some of the emerging trends?

Most of which are trends that are here

to stay, that might make a company think twice

about whether they want to focus on product-centricity,

or start looking towards a different kind of strategy.

Take a moment and think about

that, and then we'll run down a list of some of the

leading factors that, that take some of the edge off of product-centricity.

So I bet first and foremost on everyones list, is the idea of commoditization.

See back in the old days, it was so hard to come

up with and, and manufacture a new product, or deliver a service.

That you would stay steps ahead of all of your

competitors for a long period of time before

they could come, come up with an equivalent idea.

But today, because of technology, things commoditize much more quickly.

Product life cycles are getting much, much shorter.

Companies know that as soon as they launch something new,

they have to have the next new thing already in process.

So this idea of commoditization,

takes away some of the goodness of product-centricity.

Here's a way of thinking about it.

In the product-centric world, every company is

counting on some kind of natural monopoly.

We're doing something that's going to keep us ahead of

all of our competitors for a long period of time.

And that's what's going to let us focus on the

dev, developing the best of delivering the most efficient.

But as those life cycles shorten, as things commoditize,

it takes away some of that natural monopoly power.

But that's just one reason.

It's a big one, but by no means the only.

Another important reason would be changes on the customer side.

Our customers are so much smarter, more informed than ever before.

It used to be that our customers were much more passive.

They would take whatever products or services that we would give

them, and they would say, oh, that's great, terrific, thanks very much,

I'll figure out how to use it.

But today's customers are much different from yesterday's customers.

They're much more informed.

They're much more demanding. And they're much savvier.

And again, a big reason for this is, the internet.

Information technology.

Customers are so much more aware of options that are available

to them, or options that might not yet be available to them.

But that they, they clamor for than they ever were before.

Again, the customers aren't passive, like they use to be.

So smarter customers put much more demands on, on companies.

And make it harder for them to extract as much

value out of the products and services that they deliver.

And a third way that technology makes life a little bit more difficult for

product-centric companies, is, is the idea that

products are, are now available everywhere instantaneously.

If you

think about what FedEx, or DHL, or UPS, does they take

away some of that natural monopoly power that a company had.

In the old days, companies would rely on the

fact that no one else had a product like them.

But even if other companies did have a

product like them, customers wouldn't be aware of it.

And even if customers were aware of it, customers wouldn't have access to it.

But today, because distribution technology

brings everything, everywhere overnight if you want

it, it's much harder to protect yourself

from other products and services that are,

that are available in, in in other regions.

So there's all kinds of ways that technology

takes some of the, the edge off product-centricity.

But by no means is it limited to technology.

Part of it is a mindset. People are thinking globally much

more than ever before.

So, so customers are, are much more actively looking for

products and services from other regions than they ever were before.

And then there's the issue of deregulation.

Again, regulation was a way that gave companies monopoly power.

That they were the only game in town and customers had no choice.

But as one industry after another deregulates,

companies need to be much more competitive.

And it's much harder to stay a step ahead.

And in some cases, it's not deregulation, but it's re-regulation.

It's regulations that are making markets much more competitive.

So, again, that's another reason why product-centricity

just isn't what it used to be.

A sixth reason comes back to the customer again.

Not only is the customer smarter, but as

I mentioned before, customers are far more demanding than

they ever were before.

So in the old days, it was good enough just for, to, to let the customer

take a bunch of products and services and

figure out what they're going to do with it.

Figure out how those different products and services are

going to help them solve the problems that they have.

But today's customer is much more

demanding, and is insisting that companies not

only deliver them one product or service at a time, but, but bundled together

products and services.

Sometimes, including products and services that the

company might not make any money on.

It is now much more imperative than it ever was

before for companies to be seen as a trusted advisor.

To be providing full fledged solutions to the customer and not just piece

meal products and services that the customer

will figure out how to combine together.

One of the great stories along these lines is that of IBM.

IBM, which of course stands for International Business Machines,

used to be one of the ultimate product-centric firms.

They were just the best at coming up with, and developing certain

kinds of products, business machines, computers

and so on, better than anybody else.

But they had a revelation in the mid 1990s, that

they could actually make more money being a trusted advisor.

Instead of saying here, customer, buy our machine, telling a customer what set

of machines and services to be buying.

That there are actually higher margins,

especially as computers and other information

technology equipment commoditizes, they can actually

do better being a solution advisor.

And slowly but surely, as many of you

know, IBM spun off many of its business machines.

They no longer manufacture personal computers.

their, their presence in most other hardware areas

has diminished.

But where they're making their money today,

is from being a customer centric solution provider.

Is going to the customer and saying, here are

the set of products and services you should be buying.

And that kind of expertise doesn't commoditize

nearly as much as any one product might.

And so that idea of moving away from just selling products,

to being a full scale solution provider is a major change

in the last 15 to 20 years.

And there's one more point that I want to talk about with you.

And it's not necessarily the most important crack in product-centricity,

but it's one that I like to think about a lot.

And that's the data.

See, today's technology enables us to collect and manage, and utilize data

about customers, in a way that we just could have never imagined before.

So if you think about old companies.

Think about Henry Ford, who was one

of the, the real originators of product-centric thinking.

He had no idea how many customers he had.

He didn't know whether he was selling one car to each of ten

million different people, or whether he was

selling ten million cars to one person.

He didn't know. And frankly he didn't care that much.

Because he was so product-centric in his thinking,

that it was just a matter of turning

that crank, of pushing products out the door.

Of keeping the volumes up and keeping the costs down.

But today given these other cracks and product-centricity, it's much more

important for companies to be using the data about their customers.

To be understanding who's buying what.

And for how long, and what other products that they're buying.

So the information systems give us the possibility of developing business models

that were unimaginable before.

But could actually be more successful than the product-centric approach.

And I want to give you a couple of examples of that.

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(2) 产品中心化方法的缺陷 (9:49)

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